2026 -- H 7450

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LC004742

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2026

____________

A N   A C T

RELATING TO ELECTIONS -- RHODE ISLAND CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS AND

EXPENDITURES REPORTING

     Introduced By: Representatives Fogarty, Casimiro, Cruz, Tanzi, Alzate, Stewart,
Kazarian, Speakman, McEntee, and Spears

     Date Introduced: January 30, 2026

     Referred To: House State Government & Elections

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Sections 17-25-3, 17-25-7, 17-25-10, 17-25-10.1, 17-25-11 and 17-25-12 of

the General Laws in Chapter 17-25 entitled "Rhode Island Campaign Contributions and

Expenditures Reporting" are hereby amended to read as follows:

     17-25-3. Definitions.

     As used in this chapter, unless a different meaning clearly appears from the context:

     (1) “Accounts payable” means credit extended to a candidate or political, candidate

committee, political action committee or political party committee, for campaign expenditures;

provided that, the credit extended is in the ordinary course of the vendor’s business, and the terms

are substantially similar, in risk and amount, to extensions of credit to nonpolitical customers.

     (2) “Business entity” means any corporation, whether for profit or not for profit, domestic

corporation or foreign corporation, as defined in § 7-1.2-106, financial institution, cooperative,

association, receivership, trust, holding company, firm, joint stock company, public utility, sole

proprietorship, partnership, limited partnership, or any other entity recognized by the laws of the

United States and/or the state of Rhode Island for the purpose of doing business. The term “business

entity” shall not include a political action committee organized pursuant to this chapter or a political

party committee or an authorized campaign committee of a candidate or office holder. The term

“business entity” shall not include any exempt nonprofit as defined herein or any organization

described in § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding

internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, for the purposes of

chapter 25.3 of this title.

     (3) “Candidate” means any individual who undertakes any action, whether preliminary or

final, which is necessary under the law to qualify for nomination for election or election to public

office, and/or any individual who receives a contribution or makes an expenditure, or gives their

consent for any other person to receive a contribution or make an expenditure, with a view to

bringing about their nomination or election to any public office, whether or not the specific public

office for which they will seek nomination or election is known at the time the contribution is

received or the expenditure is made and whether or not they have announced their candidacy or

filed a declaration of candidacy at that time.

     (4) “Conduit” or “intermediary” means any person who receives and forwards an

earmarked contribution to a candidate or a candidate’s authorized committee, except as otherwise

limited in this chapter.

     (5) “Contributions” and “expenditures” include all transfers of money, credit or debit card

transactions, on-line or electronic payment systems such as “pay pal,” paid personal services, or

other thing of value to or by any candidate, committee of a political party, or political action

committee or ballot question advocate. A loan shall be considered a contribution of money until it

is repaid.

     (6) “Covered transfer” means any transfer or payment of funds by any person, business

entity, or political action committee to another person, business entity, or political action committee

if the person, business entity, or political action committee making the transfer: (i) Designates,

requests, or suggests that the amounts be used for independent expenditures or electioneering

communications or making a transfer to another person for the purpose of making or paying for

such independent expenditures or electioneering communications; (ii) Made such transfer or

payment in response to a solicitation or other request for a transfer or payment for the making of

or paying for independent expenditures or electioneering communications or making a transfer to

another person for the purpose of making or paying for such independent expenditures or

electioneering communications; (iii) Engaged in discussions with the recipient of the transfer or

payment regarding independent expenditures or electioneering communications or making a

transfer to another person for the purpose of making or paying for such independent expenditures

or electioneering communications; or (iv) Made independent expenditures or electioneering

communications in an aggregate amount of five thousand dollars ($5,000) or more during the two-

year (2) period ending on the date of the transfer or payment, or knew or had reason to know that

the person receiving the transfer or payment made such independent expenditures or electioneering

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communications in such an aggregate amount during that two-year (2) period.

     (A) Exceptions: The term “covered transfer” does not include:

     (I) A transfer or payment made by a person, business entity, or political action committee

in the ordinary course of any trade or business conducted by the person, business entity, or political

action committee or in the form of investments made by the person, business entity, or political

action committee; or

     (II) A transfer or payment made by a person, business entity, or political action committee

if the person, business entity, or political action committee making the transfer prohibited, in

writing, the use of such transfer or payment for independent expenditures, electioneering

communications, or covered transfers and the recipient of the transfer or payment agreed to follow

the prohibition and deposited the transfer or payment in an account that is segregated from any

account used to make independent expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered

transfers.

     (7) For the purposes of chapter 25.3 of this title, “donation” means all transfers of money,

credit or debit card transactions, on-line or electronic payment systems such as “pay pal,” paid

personal services, or other thing of value to or by any person, business entity, or political action

committee. A loan shall be considered a donation of money until it is repaid.

     (8) For the purposes of chapter 25.3 of this title, “donor” means a person, business entity,

or political action committee that makes a donation.

     (9) “Earmarked” means a designation, instruction, or encumbrance, whether direct or

indirect, express or implied, oral or written, that results in all or any part of a contribution or

expenditure being made to, or expended on behalf of, a clearly identified candidate or a candidate’s

authorized committee.

     (10) “Election” means any primary, general, or special election or town meeting for any

public office of the state, municipality, or district, or for the determination of any question

submitted to the voters of the state, municipality, or district.

     (11) “Election cycle” means the twenty-four month (24) period commencing on January 1

of odd number years and ending on December 31 of even number years; provided, with respect to

the public financing of election campaigns of general officers under §§ 17-25-19, 17-25-20, and

17-25-25, “election cycle” means the forty-eight month (48) period commencing on January 1 of

odd numbered years and ending December 31 of even numbered years.

     (12) “Electioneering communication” means any print, broadcast, cable, satellite, or

electronic media communication not coordinated, as set forth in § 17-25-23, with any candidate,

authorized candidate campaign committee, or political party committee and that unambiguously

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identifies a candidate or referendum and is made either within sixty (60) days before a general or

special election or town meeting for the office sought by the candidate or referendum; or thirty (30)

days before a primary election, for the office sought by the candidate; and is targeted to the relevant

electorate.

     (i) A communication that refers to a clearly identified candidate or referendum is “targeted

to the relevant electorate” if the communication can be received by two thousand (2,000) or more

persons in the district the candidate seeks to represent or the constituency voting on the referendum.

     (ii) Exceptions: The term “electioneering communication” does not include:

     (A) A communication appearing in a news story, commentary, or editorial distributed

through the facilities of any broadcasting station, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by

any political party, political committee, or candidate;

     (B) A communication that constitutes a candidate debate or forum conducted pursuant to

regulations adopted by the board of elections or that solely promotes such a debate or forum and is

made by or on behalf of the person sponsoring the debate or forum;

     (C) A communication made by any business entity to its members, owners, stockholders,

or employees;

     (D) A communication over the internet, except for (I) Communications placed for a fee on

the website of another person, business entity, or political action committee; and (II) Websites

formed primarily for the purpose, or whose primary purpose is, to expressly advocate the election

or defeat of a clearly identified candidate or the passage or defeat of a referendum; or

     (E) Any other communication exempted under such regulations as the board of elections

may promulgate (consistent with the requirements of this paragraph) to ensure the appropriate

implementation of this paragraph.

     (13) “Exempt nonprofit” means any organization described in § 501(c)(4) of the Internal

Revenue Code that spends an aggregate annual amount of no more than ten percent (10%) of its

annual expenses or no more than fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), whichever is less, on

independent expenditures, electioneering communications, and covered transfers as defined herein

and certifies the same to the board of elections seven (7) days before and after a primary election

and seven (7) days before and after a general or special election.

     (14) “Fair market value” means the usual and normal charge for goods and services as

determined by the marketplace from which they ordinarily would have been purchased at a usual

and normal charge in an arms length transaction.

     (i) For purposes of this subsection, “usual and normal charge for goods” means the price

of those goods in the market from which they ordinarily would have been purchased at the time of

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the contribution. “Usual and normal charge for services”, other than those provided by an unpaid

volunteer, means the hourly or piecework charge for the services at a commercially reasonable rate

prevailing at the time the services are rendered.

     (15) “Independent expenditure” means an expenditure that, when taken as a whole,

expressly advocates the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, or the passage or defeat

of a referendum, or amounts to the functional equivalent of such express advocacy, and is in no

way coordinated, as set forth in § 17-25-23, with any candidate’s campaign, authorized candidate

committee, or political party committee. An expenditure amounts to the functional equivalent of

express advocacy if it can only be interpreted by a reasonable person as advocating the election,

passage, or defeat of a candidate or referendum, taking into account whether the communication

mentions a candidate or referendum and takes a position on a candidate’s character, qualifications,

or fitness for office. An independent expenditure is not a contribution to that candidate or

committee.

     (i) Exceptions: The term “independent expenditure” does not include:

     (A) A communication appearing in a news story, commentary, or editorial distributed

through the facilities of any broadcasting station, unless such facilities are owned or controlled by

any political party, political committee, or candidate;

     (B) A communication that constitutes a candidate debate or forum conducted pursuant to

regulations adopted by the board of elections or that solely promotes such a debate or forum and is

made by or on behalf of the person sponsoring the debate or forum;

     (C) A communication made by any business entity to its members, owners, stockholders,

or employees;

     (D) A communication over the internet, except for (I) Communications placed for a fee on

the website of another person, business entity, or political action committee; and (II) Websites

formed primarily for the purpose, or whose primary purpose is, to expressly advocate the election

or defeat of a clearly identified candidate or the passage or defeat of a referendum; or

     (E) Any other communication exempted under such regulations as the board of elections

may promulgate (consistent with the requirements of this paragraph) to ensure the appropriate

implementation of this paragraph.

     (16) “In-kind contributions” means the monetary fair market value of other things of value

or paid personal services donated to, or benefiting, any person required to file reports with the board

of elections, including the difference between the amount paid by a reporting person and the fair

market value or a thing of value or personal service.

     (17) “Other thing of value” means any item of tangible real or personal property of a fair-

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market value in excess of one hundred dollars ($100).

     (18) “Paid personal services” means personal services of every kind and nature, the cost or

consideration for which is paid or provided by someone other than the committee or candidate for

whom the services are rendered, but shall not include personal services provided without

compensation by persons individuals volunteering their time.

     (19) “Person” means an individual, partnership, committee, association, corporation,

union, charity, and/or any other organization. The term “person” shall not include any exempt

nonprofit as defined herein or any organization described in § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue

Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as

amended from time to time, for the purposes of chapter 25.3 of this title only.

     (20) “Political action committee” means any group of two (2) or more persons that accepts

any contributions to be used for advocating the election or defeat of any candidate or candidates.

Only political action committees that have accepted contributions from fifteen (15) or more persons

in amounts of ten dollars ($10.00) or more within an election cycle shall be permitted to make

contributions, and those committees must make contributions to at least five (5) candidates for state

or local office within an election cycle. Political action committees established, financed,

maintained or controlled by the same person or the same group of persons are affiliated.

     (21) “Public office” means any state, municipal, school, or district office or other position

that is filled by popular election, except political party offices. “Political party offices” means any

state, city, town, ward, or representative or senatorial district committee office of a political party

or delegate to a political party convention, or any similar office.

     (22) For purposes of chapter 25.3 of this title, “referendum” means the same as the

definition set forth in § 17-5-1.

     (23) “State” means state of Rhode Island.

     (24) “Testimonial affair” means an affair of any kind or nature including, but not limited

to, cocktail parties, breakfasts, luncheons, dinners, dances, picnics, or similar affairs expressly and

directly intended to raise campaign funds in behalf of a candidate to be used for nomination or

election to a public office in this state, or expressly and directly intended to raise funds in behalf of

any state or municipal committee of a political party, or expressly and directly intended to raise

funds in behalf of any political action committee.

     17-25-7. Contents of reports to be filed by treasurers of candidates and committees.

     (a) Each campaign treasurer of a candidate, each state and municipal committee of a

political party, and each political action committee shall keep accurate records and make a full

report, upon a form prescribed by the board of elections, of all contributions received, and

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expenditures made, by it in excess of a total of two hundred dollars ($200), from any one source

within a calendar year, in furtherance of the nomination, election, or defeat of any candidate or the

approval or rejection of any question submitted to the voters, or at any financial town meeting,

financial town referendum, or other election at which amendments to a city or town charter are

proposed, during the period from the date of the last report, or in the case of the initial report,

beginning on the date of the appointment of the campaign treasurer for state and municipal

committees and political action committees and on the date a person becomes a “candidate” as

defined in § 17-25-3 for individual candidates. The report shall contain the name, address, and

place of employment of each person or source from whom the contributions and expenditures in

excess of two hundred dollars ($200), were received or made and the amount contributed or

expended by each person or source. If such an expenditure constitutes a significant disbursement

to a controlling person within the meaning of § 17-25-7.7, the campaign treasurer shall submit a

separate notice of the significant disbursement to the state board of elections on a form prescribed

by the board affirmatively demonstrating that the requirements of § 17-25-7.7(c) were satisfied.

The report shall be filed with the board of elections on the dates designated in § 17-25-11. The

campaign treasurer of the candidate or committee reporting shall certify to the correctness of each

report. Notwithstanding any other provisions contained in this title, this subsection shall apply to

any person or entity advocating the approval or rejection of any question presented to voters at any

financial town meeting, financial town referendum, or other election at which amendments to a city

or town charter are proposed, which shall file reports of contributions or expenditures in accordance

with the filing schedule established by § 17-25-11 if the total of the money so expended exceeds

two hundred dollars ($200), in a calendar year. As used in this subsection, the word “entity” means

any political action committee, political party committee, authorized campaign committee of a

candidate or officer holder, corporation, whether for profit, not-for-profit, or exempt nonprofit

pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, domestic corporation or foreign

corporation, as defined in § 7-1.2-106, financial institution, cooperative, association, receivership,

partnership, committee, union, charity, trust, holding company, firm, joint stock company, public

utility, sole proprietorship, limited partnership, or any other entity recognized by the laws of the

United States and/or the state of Rhode Island.

     (b) Each state and municipal committee of a political party shall also file with the board of

elections, not later than March 1 of each year, an annual report setting forth in the aggregate all

contributions received and all expenditures made during the previous calendar year, whether or not

these expenditures were made, incurred, or authorized in furtherance of the election or defeat of

any candidate. The treasurer of the committee or organization reporting shall certify to the

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correctness of each report.

     (c)(1) Any report filed pursuant to the provisions of this section shall include expenditures

or disbursements paid on behalf of or for the benefit of the reporting person by an agent or

independent contractor, including a vendor.

     (2) An agent or contractor, including a vendor, who makes an expenditure or disbursement

on behalf of or for the benefit of a committee or person that is required to be reported under this

section shall promptly make known to the reporting committee or person all the information

required for reporting the expenditure or disbursement.

     (3) If the electronic campaign finance reporting system is technologically capable of

displaying or otherwise providing information required by subsection (c) of this section to the

public, the state board of elections shall provide online public access to such information through

the system. If the electronic campaign finance reporting system is not technologically capable of

providing such information to the public, the board shall create an interim procedure for the public

to obtain the information reported under subsection (c) of this section.

     (c)(d) Any report filed pursuant to the provisions of this section shall include contributions

received from any “testimonial affair,” as defined in § 17-25-3, held since the date of the most

recent report filed.

     17-25-10. Lawful methods of contributing to support of candidates — Reporting —

Disposition of anonymous contributions.

     (a) No contribution shall be made or received, and no expenditures shall be directly made

or incurred, to support or defeat a candidate except through:

     (1) The candidate or duly appointed campaign treasurer or deputy campaign treasurer of

the candidate;

     (2) The duly appointed campaign treasurer or deputy campaign treasurer of a political party

committee;

     (3) The duly appointed campaign treasurer or deputy campaign treasurer of a political

action committee.

     (b) Any settlement of accounts payable between a creditor and a candidate, candidate

committee, political action committee, or political party committee, for less than the full amount

owed shall comply with the applicable contribution limitations under this chapter. The state board

of elections may determine that a settlement of accounts payable for less than the full amount owed

falls within the creditor's normal business practices and therefore, does not constitute a

contribution, subject to the applicable contribution limitations under this chapter.

     (1) Any accounts payable by a candidate, candidate committee, political action committee

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or political party committee shall be considered a contribution received in-kind if the accounts

payable remains outstanding, in full or in part, for a period of time that exceeds that which the

entity to whom payment is owed permits for persons that are not candidates, political action

committees or political party committees.

     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (b)(1) of this section, if any accounts payable by a

candidate, candidate committee, political action committee or political party committee remain

outstanding for one hundred twenty (120) days, the candidate, political action committee, or

political party shall submit a notice to the state board of elections within seventy-two (72) hours on

a form prescribed by the board, detailing the amount and purpose of such accounts payable and the

arrangements made for discharge of the unpaid amount. Any accounts payable by a candidate

political action committee or political party committee shall be considered a contribution received

in-kind, if the account remains unpaid, in full or in part, for more than one hundred eighty (180)

days.

     (3) Any accounts payable by a candidate, candidate committee, political action committee

or political party committee that is considered a contribution received in-kind pursuant to

subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2) of this section is subject to contribution limitations under § 17-25-

10.1 and the penalties provided in § 17-25-13 for any resulting violation of that provision.

     (b)(c) It shall be lawful for any person, not otherwise prohibited by law and not acting in

concert with any other person or group, to expend personally from that person’s own funds a sum

that is not to be repaid to him or her for any purpose not prohibited by law to support or defeat a

candidate; provided, that any person making the expenditure shall be required to report all of his or

her expenditures and expenses, if the total of the money so expended exceeds one hundred dollars

($100) within a calendar year, to the board of elections within seven (7) days of making the

expenditure and to the campaign treasurer of the candidate or political party committee on whose

behalf the expenditure or contribution was made, or to his or her deputy, within seven (7) days of

making the expenditure. The treasurer or his or her deputy shall cause the expenditures and

expenses to be included in his or her reports to the board of elections. Whether a person is “acting

in concert with any other person or group” for the purposes of this subsection shall be determined

by application of the standards set forth in § 17-25-23.

     (c)(d) Any anonymous contribution received by a candidate, campaign treasurer, or deputy

campaign treasurer shall not be used or expended, but shall be returned to the donor, if the donor’s

identity can be ascertained; if not, the contribution shall escheat to the state.

     17-25-10.1. Political contributions — Limitations.

     (a)(1) No person, other than the candidate to his or her own campaign, nor any political

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action committee shall make a contribution or contributions to any candidate, as defined by § 17-

25-3, or political action committee or political party committee that, in the aggregate, exceed two

thousand dollars ($2,000) within a calendar year; nor shall any political action committee make

such contributions that in the aggregate, exceed twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) within a

calendar year; nor shall any candidate or any political action committee or any political party

committee accept a contribution or contributions that, in the aggregate, exceed two thousand dollars

($2,000) within a calendar year from any one person or political action committee.

     (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a)(1) of this section, a person or political

action committee or political party committee may contribute an amount that in the aggregate, does

not exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000) within a calendar year to a political party committee,

which funds can be utilized for organizational and party building activities, but shall not be used

for contributions to candidates state and local for public office.

     (b) Contributions to a named candidate made to any political committee authorized by that

candidate to accept contributions on the candidate’s behalf shall be considered to be contributions

made to the candidate. Contributions to a candidate by a political committee for another person

shall be considered to be contributions by that person.

     (c) Expenditures made by any person in cooperation, consultation, or concert with, or at

the request or suggestion of, a candidate, the candidate’s authorized political committees, or their

agents shall be considered to be a contribution to the candidate.

     (d) The financing by any person of the dissemination, distribution, or republication, in

whole or in part, of any broadcast or any written, graphic, or other form of campaign materials

prepared by the candidate, the candidate’s campaign committees, or their authorized agents shall

be considered to be a contribution to a candidate.

     (e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict political party committees

organized pursuant to this title from making contributions to the candidates of that political party;

provided, that these contributions, other than allowable “in-kind” contributions, shall not exceed,

in the aggregate, twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) to any one candidate within a calendar

year; nor shall any candidate accept a contribution or contributions, other than allowable “in-kind”

contributions, that, in the aggregate, exceed twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000) within a

calendar year from all committees of his or her political party. There shall be no restriction on the

amount of “in-kind” contributions that a political party committee may make to a candidate of its

political party; provided, that for the purposes of this subsection only, the cost of any preparation

and airing of television and/or radio advertisements and the cost of any print advertisements shall

not be considered an allowable “in-kind” contribution and shall be subject to the aggregate

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limitation of twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000).

     (f)(1) A contribution from an individual’s dependent children, as defined in § 36-14-2, shall

be deemed a contribution from the individual for the purpose of determining whether aggregate

contributions exceed either the two hundred dollar ($200) threshold for reporting purposes or the

two thousand dollar ($2,000) maximum for contributions to a single candidate or political action

committee within a calendar year.

     (2) No dependent child shall contribute an amount that, when added to contributions

already made by that child’s parent or legal guardian and by other dependent children of that parent

or legal guardian, exceed the two thousand dollar ($2,000) maximum for contributions to a single

candidate or political action committee within a calendar year.

     (g) Nothing in this section shall be construed to restrict the amount of money that a

candidate can borrow in his or her own name, and subsequently contribute or loan to his or her own

campaign.

     (h)(1) It shall be unlawful for any corporation, whether profit or non-profit, domestic

corporation or foreign corporation, as defined in § 7-1.2-106, or other business entity to make any

campaign contribution or expenditure, as defined in § 17-25-3, to or for any candidate, political

action committee, or political party committee, or for any candidate, political action committee, or

political party committee to accept any campaign contribution or expenditure from a corporation

or other business entity. Any contribution made in the personal name of any employee of a

corporation or other business entity, for which the employee received or will receive reimbursement

from the corporation or other business entity, shall be considered as a contribution by the

corporation or other business entity, in violation of this section.

     (2) Any voluntary payroll deduction and/or contribution made by employees of a

corporation or other business entity shall not be deemed a contribution of a corporation or other

business entity, notwithstanding that the contributions were sent to the recipient by the corporation

or other business entity.

     (i) All contributions of funds shall be by check, money order, or credit card and may be

made over the internet, but in each case the source of the funds must be identified; provided, that

candidates, political action committees, and political party committees may accept contributions in

cash that do not exceed twenty-five dollars ($25.00) in the aggregate from an individual within a

calendar year. The cash contribution must be delivered directly by the donor to the candidate, the

campaign treasurer, or deputy treasurer. The treasurer or deputy treasurer shall maintain a record

of the name and address of all persons making these cash contributions.

     (j) Except as provided in subsection (h) of this section, no entity other than an individual,

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a political action committee which is duly registered and qualified pursuant to the terms of this

chapter, political party committee authorized by this title, or an authorized committee of an elected

official or candidate established pursuant to this chapter shall make any contribution to or any

expenditure on behalf of or in opposition to any candidate, political action committee, or political

party.

     (k) For purposes of the limitations imposed by this section, all contributions made by a

person, either directly or indirectly, on behalf of a particular candidate, including contributions that

are in any way earmarked or otherwise directed through an intermediary or conduit to such

candidate, shall be treated as contributions from such person to such candidate. The intermediary

or conduit shall report the original source and the intended recipient of such contribution to the

board of elections and to the intended recipient, in accordance with regulations and reporting

requirements promulgated by the board of elections.

     (l) For purposes of the limitations on contributions provided by this chapter, all

contributions made by political committees established, financed, maintained, or controlled by the

same person or the same group of persons shall be considered to have been made by a single

political committee.

     17-25-11. Dates for filing of reports by treasurers of candidates or of committees.

     (a) During the period between the appointment of the campaign treasurer for state and

municipal committees and political action committees, or in the case of an individual the date on

which the individual becomes a “declared or undeclared candidate” as defined in § 17-25-3(3),

except when the ninety-day (90) reporting period ends less than forty (40) days prior to an election

in which case the ninety-day (90) report shall be included as part of the report required to be filed

on the twenty-eighth (28th) day next preceding the day of the primary, general, or special election

pursuant to subsection (a)(2) of this section, and the election, with respect to which contributions

are received, accounts payable, or expenditures made by him or her in behalf of, or in opposition

to, a candidate, the campaign treasurer of a candidate, a political party committee, or a political

action committee shall file a report containing an account of contributions received, and

expenditures made, on behalf of, or in opposition to, a candidate:

     (1) At ninety-day (90) intervals commencing on the date on which the individual first

becomes a candidate, as defined in § 17-25-3(3);

     (2) In a contested election, on the twenty-eighth (28th) and seventh (7th) days next

preceding the day of the primary, general, or special election; provided, that in the case of a primary

election for a special election where the twenty-eighth (28th) day next preceding the day of the

primary election occurs prior to the first day for filing declarations of candidacy pursuant to § 17-

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14-1, the reports shall be due on the fourteenth (14th) and seventh (7th) days next preceding the

day of the primary election for the special election; and

     (3) A final report on the twenty-eighth (28th) day following the election. The report shall

contain:

     (i) The name and address and place of employment of each person from whom

contributions in excess of a total of two hundred dollars ($200), within a calendar year were

received;

     (ii) The amount contributed by each person;

     (iii) The name and address of each person to whom expenditures in excess of two hundred

dollars ($200), were made; and

     (iv) The amount and purpose of each expenditure; and

     (v) For any accounts payable outstanding at the time of the final report, the amount and

purpose of such accounts payable.

     (b) Concurrent with the report filed on the twenty-eighth (28th) day following an election,

or at any time thereafter, the campaign treasurer of a candidate, or political party committee, or

political action committee, may certify to the board of elections that the campaign fund of the

candidate, political party committee, or political action committee having been instituted for the

purposes of the past election, has completed its business and been dissolved or, in the event that

the committee will continue its activities beyond the election, that its business regarding the past

election has been completed. The certification shall be accompanied by a final accounting of the

campaign fund, or of the transactions relating to the election, including the final disposition of any

balance remaining in the fund at the time of dissolution or the arrangements that have been made

for the discharge of any obligations remaining unpaid at the time of dissolution. Any committee

that reports accounts payable cannot be dissolved until such accounts are fully paid.

     (c)(1) Once the campaign treasurer certifies that the campaign fund has completed its

business and been dissolved, no contribution that is intended to defray expenditures incurred on

behalf of, or in opposition to, a candidate during the campaign can be accepted. Until the time that

the campaign treasurer certifies that the campaign fund has completed its business and been

dissolved, the treasurer shall file reports containing an account of contributions received and

expenditures made at ninety-day (90) intervals commencing with the next quarterly report

following the election; however, the time to file under this subsection shall be no later than the last

day of the month following the ninety-day (90) period, except when the last day of the month filing

deadline following the ninety-day (90) reporting period occurs less than twenty-eight (28) days

before an election, in which case the report shall be filed pursuant to the provisions of subsections

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(a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section. Provided, however, if the last day of the month falls on a weekend

or a holiday, the report shall be due on the following business day.

     (2) In addition to the reports required pursuant to this section, a candidate or office holder

shall also file with the board of elections a paper copy of the account statement from the office

holder’s campaign account, which account statement shall be the next account statement issued by

their financial institution after the filing of the fourth quarterly campaign expense report. The

account statement shall be submitted to the board within thirty (30) days of its receipt by the

candidate, officeholder, treasurer, or deputy treasurer. The account statement shall not be deemed

a public record pursuant to the provisions of chapter 2 of title 38. The board of elections, its agents,

and employees shall not publish, deliver, copy, or disclose, to any person or entity any account

statement or information contained therein for any candidate, former candidate, officeholder, party,

or political action committee. Provided, as to state and municipal political parties, the requirements

of this subsection (c)(2) shall apply to the annual report required pursuant to § 17-25-7.

     (d)(1) There shall be no obligation to file the reports of expenditures required by this

section on behalf of, or in opposition to, a candidate if the total amount to be expended in behalf of

the candidacy by the candidate, by any political party committee, by any political action committee,

or by any person shall not in the aggregate exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000).

     (2) However, even though the aggregate amount expended on behalf of the candidacy does

not exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000), reports must be made listing the source and amounts of

all contributions in excess of a total of two hundred dollars ($200) from any one source, within a

calendar year. Even though the aggregate amount expended on behalf of the candidacy does not

exceed two thousand dollars ($2,000) and no contribution from any one source, within a calendar

year two hundred dollars ($200), the report shall state the aggregate amount of all contributions

received. In addition, the report shall state the amount of aggregate contributions that were from

individuals, the amount from political action committees, and the amount from political party

committees.

     (e) On or before the first date for filing contribution and expenditure reports, the campaign

treasurer may file a sworn statement that the treasurer will accept no contributions nor make

aggregate expenditures in excess of the minimum amounts for which a report is required by this

chapter. Thereafter, the campaign treasurer shall be excused from filing all the reports for that

campaign, other than the final report due on the twenty-eighth (28th) day following the election.

     (f) A campaign treasurer must file a report containing an account of contributions received

and expenditures made at the ninety-day (90) intervals provided for in subsection (c) of this section

for any ninety-day (90) period in which the campaign received contributions in excess of a total of

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two hundred dollars ($200), within a calendar year from any one source and/or made expenditures

in excess of two thousand dollars ($2,000) within a calendar year; however, the time to file under

this subsection shall be no later than the last day of the month following the ninety-day (90) period,

except when the last day of the month filing deadline following the ninety-day (90) reporting period

occurs less than twenty-eight (28) days before an election, in which case the report shall be filed

pursuant to the provisions of subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section. Provided, however, if the

last day of the month falls on a weekend or a holiday, the report shall be due on the following

business day.

     (g)(1) The board of elections may, for good cause shown and upon the receipt of a written

or electronic request, grant a seven-day (7) extension for filing a report; provided, that the request

must be received no later than the date upon which the report is due to be filed.

     (2) Any person or entity required to file reports with the board of elections pursuant to this

section and who or that has not filed the report by the required date, unless granted an extension

pursuant to subsection (g)(1) of this section, shall be fined twenty-five dollars ($25.00).

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this section, the board of elections shall have the authority

to waive late filing fees for good cause shown.

     (3) The board of elections shall send a notice of non-compliance, by certified mail, to any

person or entity who or that fails to file the reports required by this section. A person or entity who

or that is sent a notice of non-compliance and fails to file the required report within seven (7) days

of the receipt of the notice, shall be fined two dollars ($2.00) per day from the day of receipt of the

notice of non-compliance until the day the report has been received by the state board.

Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this section, the board of elections shall have the authority

to waive late filing fees for good cause shown.

     17-25-12. Prohibited contributions.

     (a) No contributions shall be made, and no expenditure shall be made or incurred, whether

anonymously, in a fictitious name, or by one person or group in the name of another, to support or

defeat a candidate in a primary, general, or special election. No person or group shall knowingly

help or assist any other person or group in making a contribution or expenditure contrary to the

provisions of this section. No treasurer or candidate shall solicit or knowingly accept any

contribution contrary to the provisions of this section.

     (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of § 17-25-13:

     (1) Any person or group who violates the provisions of this section shall be fined not less

than the amount contributed, and not more than two thousand dollars ($2,000) or double the amount

contributed, whichever is greater.

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     (2) Any person or group who willfully and knowingly violates the provisions of this section

shall upon conviction be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be fined not less than double the amount

contributed and not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) or triple the amount contributed,

whichever is greater.

     (3) The state board of elections may impose civil fines as described in subsection (b)(1) of

this section and order disgorgement of contributions to the general fund.

     SECTION 2. Section 17-25.3-1 of the General Laws in Chapter 17-25.3 entitled

"Independent Expenditures and Electioneering Communications" is hereby amended to read as

follows:

     17-25.3-1. Independent expenditures and electioneering communications for

elections.

     (a) It shall be lawful for any person, business entity or political action committee, not

otherwise prohibited by law and not acting in coordination with a candidate, authorized candidate

campaign committee, political action committee, or political party committee, to expend personally

from that person’s own funds a sum which is not to be repaid to him or her for any purpose not

prohibited by law to support or defeat a candidate or referendum. Whether a person, business entity

or political action committee is “acting in coordination with a candidate, authorized candidate

campaign committee, political action committee or political party committee” for the purposes of

this subsection shall be determined by application of the standards set forth in § 17-25-23. All terms

used in this chapter shall have the same meaning as defined in § 17-25-3.

     (b) Any person, business entity or political action committee making independent

expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered transfers shall report all such campaign

finance expenditures and expenses to the board of elections, provided the total of the money so

expended exceeds one thousand dollars ($1,000) within a calendar year, to the board of elections

within seven (7) days of making the expenditure.

     (c) A person, business entity or political action committee who makes or contracts to make

independent expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered transfers with an aggregate

value of one thousand dollars ($1,000) or more shall electronically file a campaign finance report

to the board of elections describing the expenditures.

     (d) After a person, business entity or political action committee files a report under

subsection (b), the person, business entity or political action committee shall file an additional

report after each time the person, business entity or political action committee makes or contracts

to make independent expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered transfers

aggregating an additional one thousand dollars ($1,000) with respect to the same election as that to

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which the initial report relates.

     (e) When a report is required by subsection (c) or (d) of this section within thirty (30) days

prior to the election to which the expenditure was directed, it shall be filed within twenty-four (24)

hours of the expenditure. When such a report is required at any other time, it shall be filed within

seven (7) days after the expenditure.

     (f) Reports of independent expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered

transfers by a person shall contain the name, street address, city, state, zip code, occupation,

employer (if self-employed, the name and place of business), of the person responsible for the

expenditure, the name, street address, city, state, and zip code of the person receiving the

expenditure the date and amount of each expenditure, and the year to date total.

     (1) Any report filed pursuant to the provisions of this section shall include expenditures or

disbursements paid on behalf of or for the benefit of the reporting person, by an agent or

independent contractor including a vendor.

     (2) An agent or contractor including a vendor, who makes an expenditure or disbursement

on behalf of or for the benefit of a committee or person, that is required to be reported under this

section, shall promptly make known to the reporting committee or person all the information

required for reporting the expenditure or disbursement.

     (3) If the electronic campaign finance reporting system is technologically capable of

displaying or otherwise providing the information required by this subsection to the public, the

state board of elections shall provide online public access to such information through the system.

If the electronic campaign finance reporting system is not technologically capable of providing

such information to the public, the board shall create an interim procedure for the public to obtain

the information reported under this subsection.

     (g) The report shall also include a statement identifying the candidate or referendum that

the independent expenditure or electioneering communication is intended to promote the success

or defeat, and affirm under penalty of false statement that the expenditure is not coordinated with

the campaign in question, and provide any information that the board of elections requires to

facilitate compliance with the provisions of this chapter.

     (h) Reports of independent expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered

transfers by a person, business entity or political action committee shall also disclose the identity

of all donors of an aggregate of one thousand dollars ($1,000) or more to such person, business

entity or committee within the current election cycle, if applicable, unless the person, business

entity or political action committee has established a separate campaign-related account for

independent expenditures, electioneering communications, and covered transfers as detailed in §

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17-25.3-2 in which case this paragraph applies only to donors to the person’s, business entity’s or

political action committee’s separate campaign-related account; provided that no person, business

entity, or political action committee shall be required to disclose in a report to the board of elections

the identity, which includes name, address, place of employment, and donation amount, of any

donor who makes no donation to such person, business entity, or political action committee after

the date of enactment of this section.

     (i) If a person, business entity or political action committee and a donor mutually agree, at

the time a donation, payment, or transfer to the person, business entity or political action committee

which is required to disclose the identification under subsection (f) that the person, business entity

or political action committee will not use the donation, payment, or transfer for independent

expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered transfers, then not later than thirty (30)

days after the person, business entity or political action committee receives the donation, payment,

or transfer the person, business entity or political action committee shall transmit to the donor a

written certification by the chief financial officer of the person, business entity or political action

committee (or, if the organization does not have a chief financial officer, the highest ranking

financial official of the organization) that:

     (1) The person, business entity or political action committee will not use the donation,

payment, or transfer for independent expenditures, electioneering communications, or covered

transfers; and

     (2) The person, business entity or political action committee will not include any

information on the donor in any report filed by the person, business entity or political action

committee under this section with respect to independent expenditures, electioneering

communications, or covered transfers, so that the donor will not be required to appear in the list of

donors.

     (3) Exception for payments made pursuant to commercial activities. Subsections (e) and

(f) do not apply with respect to any payment or transfer made pursuant to commercial activities in

the regular course of a person’s, business entity’s or political action committee’s business.

     (j) For the purposes of this chapter, two (2) or more entities (other than an exempt nonprofit

as defined in § 17-25-3 or an organization described in § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code

of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended

from time to time) are treated as a single entity if the entities:

     (1) Share the majority of members on their boards of directors;

     (2) Share two (2) or more officers;

     (3) A candidate committee and a political committee other than a candidate committee are

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for the purposes of this section treated as a single committee if the committees both have the

candidate or a member of the candidate’s immediate family as an officer;

     (4) Are owned or controlled by the same majority shareholder or shareholders or persons;

     (5) Are in a parent-subsidiary relationship; or

     (6) Have bylaws so stating.

     (k) No donation, payments, or transfers shall be made, and no expenditure shall be made

or incurred, anonymously, in a fictitious name, or by one person or group in the name of another,

for the making of an independent expenditure or electioneering communication under this section.

No person or group shall knowingly permit the use of the person's or group's name to effect any

donation, payment, transfer, or expenditure contrary to the provisions of this section. No person or

group shall knowingly help or assist any other person or group in making any donation, payment,

transfer, or expenditure, contrary to the provisions of this section. No person, business entity, or

political action committee shall solicit or knowingly accept any donation, payment, or transfer,

contrary to the provisions of this section.

     (l) Notwithstanding § 17-25.3-4:

     (1) Any person, business entity, or political action committee who violates the provisions

of subsection (k) of this section shall be fined not less than the amount contributed, and not more

than two thousand ($2,000) or double the amount contributed, whichever is greater.

     (2) Any person, business entity, or political action committee who willfully and knowingly

violates the provisions of subsection (k) of this section shall upon conviction be guilty of a

misdemeanor and fined not less than double the amount contributed and not more than ten thousand

dollars ($10,000) or triple the amount contributed, whichever is greater.

     (3) The state board of elections may impose civil fines, as described in subsection (l)(1) of

this section and order disgorgement of donations, payments, or transfers in violation of this section

to the general fund.

     SECTION 3. Chapter 17-25 of the General Laws entitled "Rhode Island Campaign

Contributions and Expenditures Reporting" is hereby amended by adding thereto the following

section:

     17-25-7.7. Self-dealing with committee funds prohibited.

     (a) A contribution or donation received by a committee may be used for any purpose that

would otherwise be lawful under this chapter, unless prohibited by subsections (b) or (d) of this

section.

     (b) Self-dealing by any controlling person of contributions or donations received by a

committee is prohibited. For the purposes of this section, the use of a contribution or donation shall

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be presumed to be self-dealing, if the contribution or donation is used to make a significant

disbursement to a controlling person.

     (c) The presumption in subsection (b) of this section may be rebutted upon a showing that:

     (1) The significant disbursement to the controlling person is a bona fide payment for goods

or services, at no greater than fair market value;

     (2) The significant disbursement was negotiated at arms' length by and approved by an

agent of the committee, who was neither the controlling person nor in an employment relationship

directly or indirectly subject to the direction or control of the controlling person;

     (3) The agent who negotiated and approved the significant disbursement obtained and

relied upon appropriate data as to fair market value prior to approving the disbursement;

     (4) The agent documented the basis for the approval determination concurrently with

making that determination; and

     (5) At the time the significant disbursement was made, the aggregate total of itemized

contributions to the committee during the election cycle, exceeded the aggregate total of

disbursements to controlling persons by the committee during the election cycle.

     (d) In addition to the presumption in subsection (b) of this section, the use of contributions

or donations for the following purposes to benefit a controlling person shall be considered self-

dealing and is specifically prohibited.

     (1) Any residential or household items, supplies, or expenditures, including mortgage, rent,

or utility payments for any part of any personal residence;

     (2) Mortgage, rent, or utility payments for any part of any nonresidential property, that is

owned by a controlling person and used for campaign purposes, to the extent the payments exceed

the fair-market value of the property usage;

     (3) Funeral, cremation, or burial expenses, including any expenses related to deaths within

a controlling person's family;

     (4) Clothing, other than items of de minimis value that are used in the campaign;

     (5) Tuition payments;

     (6) Dues, fees, or gratuities at a country club, health club, recreational facility or other

nonpolitical organization, unless they are part of a specific fundraising event that takes place on the

organization's premises;

     (7) Admission to a sporting event, concert, theater, or other form of entertainment, unless

part of a specific campaign or officeholder activity; and

     (8) Payment of any fines, fees, or penalties assessed, pursuant to this chapter.

     (e) For purposes of this section:

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     (1) "Agent" means any person with actual authority, whether express or implied, to engage

in activities on behalf of another person.

     (2) "Committee" means an authorized campaign committee of a candidate or officeholder,

a political action committee, or a political party committee.

     (3) "Controlling person" means any person who has authority or ability to direct or control

the committee's disbursements, any family member or business partner of such person, and any

business entity or other entity owned or controlled, in whole or in part, by such person, family

member, or business partner.

     (4) "Significant disbursement" means a disbursement that exceeds one thousand dollars

($1,000) or, when aggregated with all other disbursements by the committee to the recipient within

the calendar year, exceeds five thousand dollars ($5,000).

     (f) Nothing in this section shall be construed to permit otherwise prohibited personal uses

of campaign funds under § 17-25-7.2.

     SECTION 4. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO ELECTIONS -- RHODE ISLAND CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS AND

EXPENDITURES REPORTING

***

     This act would amend various sections of law relating to campaign contributions and

expenditures, including prohibitions on self-dealing with committee funds and would prohibit

donations made in fictitious names. This act would also provide that for purposes of the limitations

on contributions, all contributions made by political committees established, financed, maintained,

or controlled by the same person or the same group of persons shall be considered to have been

made by a single political committee.

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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