2024 -- S 2152

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LC004312

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2024

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A N   A C T

RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY -- COMPREHENSIVE PFAS BAN ACT OF 2024

     Introduced By: Senators Kallman, DiMario, Miller, Ujifusa, Britto, Euer, Sosnowski,
Pearson, Lawson, and Valverde

     Date Introduced: January 24, 2024

     Referred To: Senate Environment & Agriculture

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Title 23 of the General Laws entitled "HEALTH AND SAFETY" is hereby

amended by adding thereto the following chapter:

CHAPTER 18.18

COMPREHENSIVE PFAS BAN ACT OF 2024

     23-18.18-1. Short title.

     This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Comprehensive PFAS Ban Act of

2024".

     23-18.18-2. Legislative intent.

     It is the intent of the general assembly to ban all uses of PFAS by December 31, 2032,

unless the use of PFAS in a product is considered unavoidable.

     23-18.18-3. Definitions.

     As used in this chapter:

      (1) "Adult mattress" means a mattress other than a crib mattress or toddler mattress.

      (2) "Apparel" means any of the following:

     (i) Clothing items intended for regular wear or formal occasions, including, but not limited

to, undergarments, shirts, pants, skirts, dresses, overalls, bodysuits, costumes, vests, dancewear,

suits, saris, scarves, tops, leggings, school uniforms, leisurewear, athletic wear, sports uniforms,

everyday swimwear, formal wear, onesies, bibs, diapers, footwear, and everyday uniforms for

workwear. Clothing items intended for regular wear or formal occasions does not include personal

protective equipment or clothing items for exclusive use by the United States military;

     (ii) Outdoor apparel, including outdoor apparel for extreme wet conditions.

      (3) "Artificial turf" means a man-made material which simulates the appearance of live

turf, organic turf, grass, sod or lawn.

      (4) "Carpet" or "rug" means a fabric marketed or intended for use as a floor covering.

     (5) "Cookware" means durable cookware items that are used in homes and restaurants to

prepare, dispense, or store food, foodstuffs, or beverages. "Cookware" includes pots, pans, skillets,

grills, baking sheets, baking molds, trays, bowls, and cooking utensils.

      (6) "Cosmetic" means:

     (i) Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or

otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting

attractiveness, or altering the appearance; and

     (ii) Articles intended for use as a component of any such article; except that such term shall

not include soap.

      (7) "Covered product" means any product subject to the requirements of this chapter to

include, but not be limited to, the following:

     (i) Artificial turf;

     (ii) Carpets or rugs;

     (iii) Cookware;

     (iv) Cosmetics;

     (v) Fabric treatments;

     (vi) Juvenile products;

     (vii) Menstrual product;

     (viii) Ski wax;

     (ix) Textile articles.

     (8) "Department" means the department of environmental management.

     (9) "Director" means the director of the department of health.

     (10) "Fabric treatment" means a substance applied to fabric to give the fabric one or more

characteristics, including, but not limited to, stain resistance or water resistance.

     (11) "Ingredient" has the same meaning as defined 21 C.F.R Part 700 § 700.3(e) and does

not include any incidental ingredient as defined in 21 C.F.R. Part 701 § 701.3.

     (12) "Intentionally added PFAS" means PFAS added to a product or one of its product

components to provide a specific characteristic, appearance or quality or to perform a specific

function. "Intentionally added PFAS" also includes any degradation byproducts of PFAS or PFAS

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that are intentional breakdown products of an added chemical. The use of PFAS as a processing

agent, mold release agent or intermediate is considered intentional introduction for the purposes of

this chapter where PFAS is detected in the final product.

     (13) "Juvenile product" means a product designed for use by infants and children under

twelve (12) years of age, including, but not limited to, a baby or toddler foam pillow, bassinet,

bedside sleeper, booster seat, changing pad, child restraint system for use in motor vehicles and

aircraft, co-sleeper, crib mattress, floor playmat, highchair, highchair pad, infant bouncer, infant

carrier, infant seat, infant sleep positioner, infant swing, infant travel bed, infant walker, nap cot,

nursing pad, nursing pillow, playmat, playpen, play yard, polyurethane foam mat, pad, or pillow,

portable foam nap mat, portable infant sleeper, portable hook-on chair, soft-sided portable crib,

stroller, and toddler mattress. "Juvenile product" shall not include any of the following:

     (i) A children's electronic product, including, but not limited to, a personal computer, audio

and video equipment, calculator, wireless phone, game console, handheld device incorporating a

video screen, or any associated peripheral such as a mouse, keyboard, power supply unit, or power

cord;

     (ii) A medical device;

     (iii) An adult mattress.

     (14) "Manufacturer" means the person that manufactures a product or whose brand name

is affixed to the product. In the case of a product imported into the United States, "manufacturer"

includes the importer or first domestic distributor of the product if the person that manufactured or

assembled the product or whose brand name is affixed to the product does not have a presence in

the United States.

      (15) "Medical device" means any instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, appliance,

implant, reagent for in vitro use, software, material or other similar or related article, intended by

the manufacturer to be used alone, or in combination, for a medical purpose.

      (16) "Menstrual product" means a product used to collect menstruation and vaginal

discharge, including, but not limited to, tampons, pads, sponges, menstruation underwear, disks,

applicators, and menstrual cups, whether disposable or reusable.

     (17) "Outdoor apparel" means clothing items intended primarily for outdoor activities,

including, but not limited to, hiking, camping, skiing, climbing, bicycling, and fishing. "Outdoor

apparel" includes apparel that are extreme and extended use products designed for outdoor sports

experts for applications that provide protection against extended exposure to extreme rain

conditions or against extended immersion in water or wet conditions, such as from snow, in order

to protect the health and safety of the user and that are not marketed for general consumer use.

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Examples of extreme and extended use products include outerwear for offshore fishing, offshore

sailing, whitewater kayaking, and mountaineering.

     (18) "Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances" or "PFAS" means substances that

include any member of the class of fluorinated organic chemicals containing at least one fully

fluorinated carbon atom.

     (19) "Personal protective equipment" means equipment worn to minimize exposure to

hazards that cause serious workplace injuries and illnesses that may result from contact with

chemical, radiological, physical, biological, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace or

professional hazards.

     (20) "Product" means an item manufactured, assembled, packaged or otherwise prepared

for sale to consumers, including its product components, sold or distributed for personal,

residential, commercial or industrial use, including for use in making other products. "Product"

does not mean used products offered for sale or resale.

     (21) "Product component" means an identifiable component of a product, regardless of

whether the manufacturer of the product is the manufacturer of the component.

     (22) "Ski wax" means a lubricant applied to the bottom of snow runners, including skis,

snowboards, and toboggans, to improve their coefficient of friction performance.

     (23) "Textile" means any item made in whole or part from a natural, manmade, or synthetic

fiber, yarn, or fabric, and includes, but is not limited to, leather, cotton, silk, jute, hemp, wool,

viscose, nylon, or polyester. "Textile" does not include single-use paper hygiene products,

including, but not limited to, toilet paper, paper towels or tissues, or single-use absorbent hygiene

products.

     (24) "Textile articles" means textile goods of a type customarily and ordinarily used in

households and businesses, and include, but are not limited to, apparel, accessories, handbags,

backpacks, draperies, shower curtains, furnishings, upholstery, beddings, towels, napkins, and

tablecloths.

     23-18.18-4. Prohibition on use of PFAS.

     (a) Except as provided otherwise in this section, on and after January 1, 2027, no person

shall manufacture, sell, or offer for sale in the state any covered product that contains intentionally

added perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances or PFAS.

     (b) If the department has reason to believe that a product contains intentionally added PFAS

and the product is being offered for sale in the state, the director may direct the manufacturer of the

product to, within thirty (30) days, provide the department with testing results that demonstrate the

amount of each of the PFAS, identified by its chemical abstracts service registry number, in the

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product, reported as an exact quantity determined using commercially available analytical methods

or as falling within a range approved for reporting purposes by the department.

     (c) If testing demonstrates that the product does not contain intentionally added PFAS, the

manufacturer must provide the director a certificate attesting that the product does not contain

intentionally added PFAS, including testing results and any other relevant information.

     (d) If testing demonstrates that the product contains intentionally added PFAS, the

manufacturer must provide the director with the testing results.

     (e) A manufacturer must notify persons who sell or offer for sale a product prohibited under

subsection (a) of this section, that the sale of that product is prohibited in this state and provide the

director with a list of the names and addresses of those notified.

     (f) The director may notify persons who sell or offer for sale a product prohibited under

subsection (a) of this section, that the sale of that product is prohibited in this state.

     (g) This section shall not apply to the sale or resale of used products.

     23-18.18-5. Disclosure of PFAS in certain products.

     (a) For the purposes of this section, the term: "product" means an item manufactured,

assembled, packaged or otherwise prepared for sale to consumers, including its product

components, sold or distributed for personal, residential, commercial or industrial use, including

for use in making other products. For the purposes of this section, "product" does not mean:

     (1) Used products offered for sale or resale;

     (2) A product regulated as a drug, medical device, or dietary supplement by the United

States Food and Drug Administration;

     (3) Medical equipment or a product used in medical settings that is regulated by the United

States Food and Drug Administration;

     (4) A product intended for animals that is regulated as animal drugs, biologics,

parasiticides, medical devices, and diagnostics used to treat or are administered to animals under

the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. § 301 et seq.), the federal Virus-Serum-Toxin

Act (21 U.S.C. § 151-159 et seq.), or the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7

U.S.C. § 136 et seq.).

     (b) On or before January 1, 2028, and on or before January 1 of each year thereafter, a

manufacturer of PFAS or a product or product component containing intentionally added PFAS

that, during the prior calendar year, is sold, offered for sale, distributed, or offered for promotional

purposes in, or imported into, the state shall register the PFAS or the product or product component

containing intentionally added PFAS on a publicly accessible data collection interface, along with

all of the following information, as applicable:

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     (1) The name and type of product or product component containing intentionally added

PFAS;

     (2) The universal product code, or "UPC," of the product or product component containing

intentionally added PFAS;

     (3) The purpose or function for which the intentionally added PFAS are used in the product

or product component;

     (4) The identity and amount of all PFAS compounds in the product or product component

containing intentionally added PFAS, reported as follows:

     (i) The specific name and the Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number, also known as

a "CAS Registry Number" or "CAS RN," of each PFAS compound, if both are known;

     (ii) The specific name or the CAS RN if only one is known;

     (iii) The brand name of the formulation that contains PFAS and the name of the formulation

manufacturer, if neither the specific name nor CAS RN is known;

     (5) The amount of PFAS shall be reported as follows:

     (i) The amount or weight of each intentionally added PFAS compound, if known;

     (ii) The total organic fluorine in the product or product component containing intentionally

added PFAS, if the amount or weight of each intentionally added PFAs compound is not known;

and

     (iii) The amount of the product or the product component or the numbers of products or

product components sold, delivered, or imported into the state in the prior calendar year;

     (6) The name and address of the manufacturer, and the name, address, and phone number

of a contact person for the manufacturer.

     (c) The department may prioritize products subject to requirements under subsection (b) of

this section, based on the products that, in the department's judgment, are most likely to cause

contamination of the state's land or water resources if they contain intentionally added PFAS.

     (d) With the approval of the department, a manufacturer may supply the information

required in this section for a category or type of product rather than for each individual product.

     (e) In accordance with rules and regulations adopted by the department, a manufacturer

shall update and revise the information in the written notification whenever there is significant

change in the information.

     (f) The department may waive all or part of the notification requirement in this section if

the department determines that substantially equivalent information is already publicly available.

The department may enter into an agreement with one or more other states or political subdivisions

of a state to collect notifications and may accept notifications to a shared system as meeting the

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notification requirement under this section. The department may extend the deadline for submission

by a manufacturer of the information required under this section if the department determines that

more time is needed by the manufacturer to comply with the submission requirement.

     (g) The department may establish by rule and regulation and assess a fee payable by a

manufacturer upon submission of the notification required under subsection (b) of this section, to

cover the department's reasonable costs in developing rules administering the requirements in this

section. The department may choose to set fees based upon the volume of PFAS, volume of sales

or type of PFAS.

     23-18.18-6. Ban in firefighting foam.

     (a) For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

     (1) "Class B firefighting foam" means foams designed for flammable liquid fires.

     (2) "Firefighting personal protective equipment" means any clothing designed, intended,

or marketed to be worn by firefighting personnel in the performance of their duties, designed with

the intent for the use in fire and rescue activities, including jackets, pants, shoes, gloves, helmets,

and respiratory equipment.

     (3) "Local government" means any county, city, town, fire district, regional fire protection

authority, or other special purpose district that provides firefighting services.

     (4) "Terminal" means an establishment primarily engaged in the wholesale distribution of

crude petroleum and petroleum products, including liquefied petroleum gas from bulk liquid

storage facilities.

     (b) Beginning January 1, 2025, a person, local government, or state agency may not

discharge or otherwise use for training purposes class B firefighting foam that contains intentionally

added PFAS chemicals.

     (c) Beginning January 1, 2025, a manufacturer of class B firefighting foam may not

manufacture, knowingly sell, offer for sale, distribute for sale, or distribute for use or use in this

state class B firefighting foam to which PFAS have been intentionally added.

     (d) The restrictions in subsections (b) and (c) of this section do not apply to any

manufacture, sale, or distribution of class B firefighting foam where the inclusion of PFAS

chemicals are required by federal law, including, but not limited to, the requirements of 14 C.F.R.

139.317, as that section existed as of January 1, 2022. In the event that applicable federal

regulations change after January 1, 2022, to allow the use of alternative firefighting agents that do

not contain PFAS chemicals, the restrictions set forth in subsection (b) of this section shall apply.

     (1) A person that uses class B firefighting foam containing PFAS chemicals pursuant to

subsection (d) of this section shall report the use of the foam to the state fire marshal within five

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(5) business days of the use, including the identity of the foam, the quantity used, the total PFAS

concentration, the application for which the foam was used, and the duration of the fire.

     (2) A person that uses class B firefighting foam containing PFAS chemicals pursuant to

subsection (d) of this section shall do all of the following:

     (i) Allow no release directly to the environment, such as to unsealed ground, soakage pits,

waterways, or uncontrolled drains;

     (ii) Fully contain all releases onsite;

     (iii) Implement containment measures such as bunds and ponds that are controlled,

impervious to PFAS, and do not allow firewater, wastewater, runoff, and other wastes to be released

to the environment, such as to soils, groundwater, waterways, or stormwater;

     (iv) Dispose of all firewater, wastewater, runoff, and other wastes in a way that prevents

releases to the environment;

     (v) If there is a release to the environment, report the identity of the foam, the quantity

used, the total PFAS concentration, and the form of any waste that contains PFAS chemicals that

is released into the environment to the state fire marshal within five (5) business days of the release;

     (vi) Document the measures undertaken pursuant to this subsection. In investigating

compliance with this subsection, the attorney general, a city attorney, or a city or town solicitor

may request the documentation.

     (e) A person operating a terminal after January 1, 2025, and who seeks to purchase class B

firefighting foam containing intentionally added PFAS for the purpose of fighting emergency class

B fires, may apply to the department for a temporary exemption from the restrictions on the

manufacture, sale, offer for sale, or distribution of class B firefighting foam for use at a terminal.

An exemption shall not exceed one year. The department of environmental management, in

consultation with the department of health, may grant an exemption under this subsection if the

applicant provides:

     (1) Clear and convincing evidence that there is not a commercially available alternative

that:

     (i) Does not contain intentionally added PFAS; and

     (ii) Is capable of suppressing a large atmospheric tank fire or emergency class B fire at the

terminal;

     (2) Information on the amount of class B firefighting foam containing intentionally added

PFAS that is annually stored, used, or released at the terminal;

     (3) A report on the progress being made by the applicant to transition at the terminal to

class B firefighting foam that does not contain intentionally added PFAS; and

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     (4) An explanation of how:

     (i) All releases of class B firefighting foam containing intentionally added PFAS shall be

fully contained at the terminal; and

     (ii) Existing containment measures prevent firewater, wastewater, runoff, and other wastes

from being released into the environment, including into soil, groundwater, waterways, and

stormwater.

     (f) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a terminal from providing class B firefighting foam

in the form of aid to another terminal in the event of a class B fire.

     (g) A manufacturer of class B firefighting foam restricted under subsection (c) of this

section must notify, in writing, persons that sell the manufacturer's products in this state about the

provisions of this chapter no less than one year prior to the effective date of the restrictions.

     (h) A manufacturer that produces, sells, or distributes a class B firefighting foam prohibited

under subsection (c) of this section shall recall the product and reimburse the retailer or any other

purchaser for the product by March 1, 2025 and shall reimburse the retailer or any other purchaser

for the product. A recall of the product shall include safe transport and storage and documentation

of the amount and storage location of the PFAS-containing firefighting foam, until the department

formally identifies a safe disposal technology. The manufacturer shall provide this documentation

to the attorney general, or city or town solicitor upon request.

     (i) The department may request a certificate of compliance from a manufacturer of class B

firefighting foam, or firefighting personal protective equipment sold in this state. A certificate of

compliance attests that a manufacturer's product or products meets the requirements of this chapter.

If the department requests such a certificate, the manufacturer shall provide the certificate within

thirty (30) calendar days after the request is made.

     (j) The department shall assist state agencies, fire protection districts, and other local

governments to avoid purchasing or using class B firefighting foams to which PFAS chemicals

have been intentionally added.

     (k) A manufacturer of class B firefighting foam in violation of this chapter is subject to a

civil penalty not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000) for each violation in the case of a first

offense. Manufacturers, local governments, or persons that are repeat violators are subject to a civil

penalty not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for each repeat offense.

     (l) Beginning January 1, 2025, a manufacturer or other person that sells firefighting

personal protective equipment to any person, local government, or state agency must provide

written notice to the purchaser at the time of sale if the firefighting personal protective equipment

contains any PFAS. The written notice must include a statement that the firefighting personal

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protective equipment contains PFAS chemicals and the reason PFAS chemicals are added to the

equipment.

     (m) The department shall assist state agencies, fire protection districts, and other local

governments to give priority and preference to the purchase of firefighting personal protective

equipment that does not contain PFAS.

     (n) The manufacturer or person selling firefighting personal protective equipment and the

purchaser of the equipment must retain the notice on file for at least three (3) years from the date

of the transaction. Upon the request of the department, a person, manufacturer, or purchaser must

furnish the notice, or written copies, and associated sales documentation to the department within

sixty (60) days.

     23-18.18-7. Rules and regulations.

     The department of environmental management may promulgate rules and regulations to

implement the provisions of this chapter.

     SECTION 2. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY -- COMPREHENSIVE PFAS BAN ACT OF 2024

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     This act would enact the Comprehensive PFAS Ban Act of 2024, prohibiting the intentional

addition of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in products offered for sale or

manufactured in the state as of January 1, 2027. The department of environmental management

would be responsible to regulate the prohibition. This act would further ban the sale of Class B

firefighting foam that contains intentionally added PFAS chemicals.

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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