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2013 -- S 0098 | |
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LC00460 | |
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STATE OF RHODE ISLAND | |
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IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY | |
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JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2013 | |
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____________ | |
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A N A C T | |
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RELATING TO PROPERTY -- RHODE ISLAND FAIR HOUSING PRACTICES ACT | |
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     Introduced By: Senators Metts, Crowley, Jabour, Miller, and Pichardo | |
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     Date Introduced: January 22, 2013 | |
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     Referred To: Senate Judiciary | |
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It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows: | |
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     SECTION 1. Chapter 34-37 of the General Laws entitled "Rhode Island Fair Housing |
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Practices Act" is hereby amended by adding thereto the following sections: |
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     34-37-2.5. Right to equal housing opportunities -- Government assistance recipient |
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status. -- Whenever in this chapter there shall appear the words "marital status" there shall be |
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inserted immediately thereafter the words "government assistance recipient status." |
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     34-37-2.6. Discrimination based on government assistance recipient status |
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exemption. – Nothing in this title shall prohibit an owner of a housing accommodation from |
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refusing to rent to a person based on his or her government assistance recipient status if the |
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housing accommodation is three (3) units or less, one of which is occupied by the owner. |
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     SECTION 2. Sections 34-37-1, 34-37-2, 34-37-3, 34-37-4, 34-37-4.3, 34-37-5.2, 34-37- |
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5.3 and 34-37-5.4 of the General Laws in Chapter 34-37 entitled "Rhode Island Fair Housing |
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Practices Act" are hereby amended to read as follows: |
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     34-37-1. Finding and declaration of policy. -- (a) In the State of Rhode Island and |
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Providence Plantations, hereinafter referred to as the state, many people are denied equal |
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opportunity in obtaining housing accommodations and are forced to live in circumscribed areas |
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because of discriminatory housing practices based upon race, color, religion, sex, sexual |
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orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, |
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country of ancestral origin, disability, age, familial status, or on the basis that a tenant or |
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applicant, or a member of the household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the victim of |
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domestic abuse, or that the tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from |
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any court in the form of a restraining order for protection from domestic abuse. These practices |
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tend unjustly to condemn large groups of inhabitants to dwell in segregated districts or under |
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depressed living conditions in crowded, unsanitary, substandard, and unhealthful |
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accommodations. These conditions breed intergroup tension as well as vice, disease, juvenile |
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delinquency, and crime; increase the fire hazard; endanger the public health; jeopardize the public |
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safety, general welfare and good order of the entire state; and impose substantial burdens on the |
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public revenues for the abatement and relief of conditions so created. These discriminatory and |
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segregative housing practices are inimical to and subvert the basic principles upon which the |
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colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations was founded and upon which the state and the |
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United States were later established. Discrimination and segregation in housing tend to result in |
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segregation in our public schools and other public facilities, which is contrary to the policy of the |
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state and the constitution of the United States. Further, discrimination and segregation in housing |
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adversely affect urban renewal programs and the growth, progress, and prosperity of the state. In |
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order to aid in the correction of these evils, it is necessary to safeguard the right of all individuals |
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to equal opportunity in obtaining housing accommodations free of discrimination. |
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      (b) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the state to assure to all individuals regardless |
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of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, |
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government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, or disability, age, familial |
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status, housing status, or those tenants or applicants, or members of a household, who are, or have |
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been, or are threatened with being, the victims of domestic abuse, or those tenants or applicants |
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who have obtained, or sought, or are seeking, relief from any court in the form of a restraining |
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order for protection from domestic abuse, equal opportunity to live in decent, safe, sanitary, and |
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healthful accommodations anywhere within the state in order that the peace, health, safety, and |
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general welfare of all the inhabitants of the state may be protected and insured. |
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      (c) The practice of discrimination in rental housing based on the potential or actual |
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tenancy of a person with a minor child, or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a member of |
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the household, is or has been or is threatened with being, the victim of domestic abuse, or that the |
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tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court in the form of a |
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restraining order for protection from domestic abuse is declared to be against public policy. |
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      (d) This chapter shall be deemed an exercise of the police power of the state for the |
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protection of the public welfare, prosperity, health, and peace of the people of the state. |
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      (e) Nothing in this section shall prevent a landlord from proceeding with eviction action |
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against a tenant who fails to comply with section 34-18-24(7). |
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     34-37-2. Right to equal housing opportunities -- Civil rights. -- The right of all |
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individuals in the state to equal housing opportunities and regardless of race, color, religion, sex, |
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sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient |
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status, country of ancestral origin, disability, age, familial status, or regardless of the fact that a |
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tenant or applicant, or a member of the household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the |
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victim of domestic abuse, or that the tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, |
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relief from any court in the form of a restraining order for protection from domestic abuse, is |
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hereby recognized as, and declared to be, a civil right. Nothing in this section shall prevent a |
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landlord from proceeding with eviction action against a tenant who fails to comply with section |
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34-18-24(7). |
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     34-37-3. Definitions. -- When used in this chapter: |
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      (1) "Age" means anyone over the age of eighteen (18). |
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      (2) "Commission" means the Rhode Island commission for human rights created by |
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section 28-5-8. |
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      (3) "Disability" means a disability as defined in section 42-87-1. |
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      Provided further that the term "disability" does not include current, illegal use of or |
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addiction to a controlled substance, as defined in 21 U.S.C. section 802. |
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      (4) "Discriminate" includes segregate, separate, or otherwise differentiate between or |
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among individuals because of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or |
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expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, |
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disability, age, housing status, or familial status or because of the race, color, religion, sex, sexual |
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orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, |
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country of ancestral origin, disability, age, housing status, or familial status of any person with |
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whom they are or may wish to be associated. |
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      (5) The term "domestic abuse" for the purposes of this chapter shall have the same |
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meaning as that set forth in section 15-15-1, and include all forms of domestic violence as set |
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forth in section 12-29-2, except that the domestic abuse need not involve a minor or parties with |
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minor children. |
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      (6) (i) "Familial status" means one or more individuals who have not attained the age of |
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eighteen (18) years being domiciled with: |
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      (A) A parent or another person having legal custody of the individual or individuals; or |
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      (B) The designee of the parent or other person having the custody, with the written |
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permission of the parent or other person provided that if the individual is not a relative or legal |
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dependent of the designee, that the individual shall have been domiciled with the designee for at |
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least six (6) months. |
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      (ii) The protections afforded against discrimination on the basis of familial status shall |
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apply to any person who is pregnant or is in the process of securing legal custody of any |
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individual who has not attained the age of eighteen (18) years. |
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      (7) The terms, as used regarding persons with disabilities, "auxiliary aids and services," |
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"reasonable accommodation," and "reasonable modifications" have the same meaning as those |
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terms are defined in section 42-87-1.1. |
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      (8) The term "gender identity or expression" includes a person's actual or perceived |
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gender, as well as a person's gender identity, gender-related self image, gender-related |
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appearance, or gender-related expression; whether or not that gender identity, gender-related self |
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image, gender-related appearance, or gender-related expression is different from that traditionally |
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associated with the person's sex at birth. |
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      (9) "Housing accommodation" includes any building or structure or portion of any |
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building or structure, or any parcel of land, developed or undeveloped, which is occupied or is |
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intended, designed, or arranged to be occupied, or to be developed for occupancy, as the home or |
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residence of one or more persons. |
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      (10) "Otherwise qualified" includes any person with a disability who with respect to the |
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rental of property, personally or with assistance arranged by the person with a disability, is |
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capable of performing all the responsibilities of a tenant as contained in section 34-18-24. |
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      (11) "Owner" includes any person having the right to sell, rent, lease, or manage a |
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housing accommodation. |
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      (12) "Person" includes one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, organizations, |
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corporations, labor organizations, mutual companies, joint stock companies, trusts, receivers, |
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legal representatives, trustees, other fiduciaries, or real estate brokers or real estate salespersons |
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as defined in chapter 20.5 of title 5. |
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      (13) "Senior citizen" means a person sixty-two (62) years of age or older. |
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      (14) The term "sexual orientation" means having or being perceived as having an |
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orientation for heterosexuality, bisexuality, or homosexuality. This definition is intended to |
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describe the status of persons and does not render lawful any conduct prohibited by the criminal |
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laws of this state nor impose any duty on a religious organization. This definition does not confer |
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legislative approval of said status, but is intended to assure the basic human rights of persons to |
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hold and convey property and to give and obtain credit, regardless of such status. |
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      (15) The term "victim" means a family or household member and all other persons |
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contained within the definition of those terms as defined in section 12-29-2. |
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      (16) The term "housing status" means the status of having or not having a fixed or |
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regular residence, including the status of living on the streets or in a homeless shelter or similar |
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temporary residence. |
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      (17) The term "government assistance recipient status" means being the recipient of |
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federal, state or local public assistance, including medical assistance, or the recipient of federal, |
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state or local housing subsidies, including section 8, and other rental assistance or rental |
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supplements, or who is subject to the requirements of any public assistance, rental assistance or |
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housing subsidy program. |
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     34-37-4. Unlawful housing practices. -- (a) No owner having the right to sell, rent, |
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lease, or manage a housing accommodation as defined in section 34-37-3(11), or an agent of any |
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of these shall, directly or indirectly, make or cause to be made any written or oral inquiry |
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concerning the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital |
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status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin or disability, age, |
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familial status nor make any written or oral inquiry concerning whether a tenant or applicant, or a |
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member of the household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the victim of domestic |
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abuse, or whether a tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any |
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court in the form of a restraining order for protection from domestic abuse, of any prospective |
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purchaser, occupant, or tenant of the housing accommodation; or shall, directly or indirectly, |
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refuse to sell, rent, lease, let, or otherwise deny to or withhold from any individual the housing |
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accommodation because of the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or |
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expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, |
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disability, age, or familial status of the individual or the race, color, religion, sex, sexual |
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orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, |
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country of ancestral origin or disability, age, or familial status of any person with whom the |
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individual is or may wish to be associated; or shall, or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a |
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member of the household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the victim of domestic |
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abuse, or that the tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court |
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in the form of a restraining order for protection from domestic abuse. Nor shall an owner having |
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the right to sell, rent, lease, or manage a housing accommodation as defined in section 34-37- |
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3(11), or an agent of any of these, directly or indirectly, issue any advertisement relating to the |
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sale, rental, or lease of the housing accommodation which indicates any preference, limitation, |
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specification, or discrimination based upon race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender |
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identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral |
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origin, disability, age, familial status, or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a member of the |
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household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the victim of domestic abuse, or that the |
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tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court in the form of a |
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restraining order for protection from domestic abuse, or shall, directly or indirectly, discriminate |
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against any individual because of his or her race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender |
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identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral |
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origin, disability, age, familial status, or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a member of the |
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household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the victim of domestic abuse, or that the |
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tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court in the form of a |
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restraining order for protection from domestic abuse, in the terms, conditions, or privileges of the |
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sale, rental, or lease of any housing accommodation or in the furnishing of facilities or services in |
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connection with it. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit any oral or written |
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inquiry as to whether the prospective purchaser or tenant is over the age of eighteen (18). |
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      (b) No person to whom application is made for a loan or other form of financial |
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assistance for the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, repair, or maintenance of any housing |
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accommodation, whether secured or unsecured shall directly or indirectly make or cause to be |
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made any written or oral inquiry concerning the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, |
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gender identity or expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, country of |
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ancestral origin, disability, age, familial status, or any express written or oral inquiry into whether |
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a tenant or applicant, or a member of the household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, |
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the victim of domestic abuse, or whether a tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is |
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seeking, relief from any court in the form of a restraining order for protection from domestic |
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abuse, of any individual seeking the financial assistance, or of existing or prospective occupants |
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or tenants of the housing accommodation; nor shall any person to whom the application is made |
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in the manner provided, directly or indirectly, discriminate in the terms, conditions, or privileges |
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relating to the obtaining or use of any financial assistance against any applicant because of the |
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race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, |
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government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, disability, age, familial status, |
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or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a member of the household, is or has been, or is |
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threatened with being, the victim of domestic abuse, or that the tenant or applicant has obtained, |
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or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court in the form of a restraining order for protection |
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from domestic abuse, of the applicant or of the existing or prospective occupants or tenants. |
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Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to prohibit any written or oral inquiry as to whether |
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the applicant is over the age of eighteen (18). |
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      (c) Nothing in this section contained shall be construed in any manner to prohibit or limit |
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the exercise of the privilege of every person and the agent of any person having the right to sell, |
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rent, lease, or manage a housing accommodation to establish standards and preferences and set |
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terms, conditions, limitations, or specifications in the selling, renting, leasing, or letting thereof or |
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in the furnishing of facilities or services in connection therewith which do not discriminate on the |
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basis of the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital |
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status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, disability, age, familial |
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status, or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a member of the household, is or has been, or |
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is threatened with being, the victim of domestic abuse, or that the tenant or applicant has |
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obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court in the form of a restraining order for |
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protection from domestic abuse, of any prospective purchaser, lessee, tenant, or occupant thereof |
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or on the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital |
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status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, disability, age, or |
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familial status of any person with whom the prospective purchaser, lessee, tenant, or occupant is |
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or may wish to be associated. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed in any manner |
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to prohibit or limit the exercise of the privilege of every person and the agent of any person |
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making loans for or offering financial assistance in the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, |
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repair, or maintenance of housing accommodations to set standards and preferences, terms, |
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conditions, limitations, or specifications for the granting of loans or financial assistance which do |
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not discriminate on the basis of the race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or |
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expression, marital status, government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, |
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disability, age, familial status, or on the basis that a tenant or applicant, or a member of the |
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household, is or has been, or is threatened with being, the victim of domestic abuse, or that the |
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tenant or applicant has obtained, or sought, or is seeking, relief from any court in the form of a |
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restraining order for protection from domestic abuse, of the applicant for the loan or financial |
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assistance or of any existing or prospective owner, lessee, tenant, or occupant of the housing |
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accommodation. |
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      (d) An owner may not refuse to allow a person with a disability to make, at his or her |
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expense, reasonable modifications of existing premises occupied or to be occupied by the person |
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if the modifications may be necessary to afford the person full enjoyment of the premises, except |
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that, in the case of a rental, the owner may where it is reasonable to do so condition permission |
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for a modification on the renter agreeing to restore the interior of the premises to the condition |
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that existed before the modification, reasonable wear and tear excepted. Where it is necessary in |
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order to ensure with reasonable certainty that funds will be available to pay for the restorations at |
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the end of the tenancy, the landlord may negotiate as part of the restoration agreement a provision |
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requiring that the tenant pay into an interest bearing escrow account, over a reasonable period, a |
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reasonable amount of money not to exceed the cost of the restorations. The interest in the account |
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shall accrue to the benefit of the tenant. The restoration deposition shall be exempt from section |
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34-18-19(a) but will be subject to section 34-18-19(b) -- (f). |
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      (e) (1) An owner may not refuse to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, |
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practices, or services, when those accommodations may be necessary to afford an occupant with a |
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disability equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling. |
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      (2) Every person with a disability who has a guide dog or other personal assistive |
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animal, or who obtains a guide dog or other personal assistive animal, shall be entitled to full and |
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equal access to all housing accommodations provided for in this section, and shall not be required |
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to pay extra compensation for the guide dog or other personal assistive animal, but shall be liable |
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for any damage done to the premises by a guide dog or other personal assistive animal. For the |
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purposes of this subsection a "personal assistive animal" is an animal specifically trained by a |
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certified animal training program to assist a person with a disability to perform independent living |
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tasks. |
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      (f) Any housing accommodation of four (4) units or more constructed for first occupancy |
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after March 13, 1991 shall be designed and constructed in such a manner that: |
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      (1) The public use and common use portions of the dwellings are readily accessible to |
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and usable by persons with disabilities; |
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      (2) All the doors designed to allow passage into and within all premises within the |
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dwellings are sufficiently wide to allow passage by persons with disabilities in wheelchairs; |
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      (3) All premises within the dwellings contain the following features of adaptive design: |
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      (i) Accessible route into and through the dwelling; |
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      (ii) Light switches, electrical outlets, thermostats, and other environmental controls in |
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accessible locations; |
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      (iii) Reinforcements in bathroom walls to allow later installation of grab bars; and |
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      (iv) Usable kitchens and bathrooms such that an individual in a wheelchair can maneuver |
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about the space. To the extent that any state or local building codes, statutes or ordinances are |
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inconsistent with this section, they are hereby repealed. The state building code standards |
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committee is hereby directed to adopt rules and regulations consistent with this section as soon as |
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possible, but no later than September 30, 1990. |
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      (g) Compliance with the appropriate requirements of the State Building Code 14 |
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"accessibility for individuals with disabilities for residential use groups" suffices to satisfy the |
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requirements of subsection (f). |
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      (h) As used in subsection (f), the term "housing accommodation of four (4) units or |
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more" means: |
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      (1) Buildings consisting of four (4) or more units if those buildings have one or more |
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elevators; and |
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9-38 |
      (2) Ground floor units in other buildings consisting of four (4) or more units; |
|
9-39 |
      (i) Nothing in subsection (f) shall be construed to limit any law, statute, or regulation |
|
9-40 |
which requires a greater degree of accessibility to persons with disabilities. |
|
9-41 |
      (j) Nothing in this section requires that a dwelling be made available to an individual |
|
9-42 |
whose tenancy would constitute a direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals or |
|
9-43 |
whose tenancy would result in substantial physical damage to the property of others. |
|
9-44 |
      (k) Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit an owner, lessee, |
|
9-45 |
sublessee, or assignee from advertising or selecting a person of the same or opposite gender to |
|
9-46 |
rent, lease, or share the housing unit which the owner, lessee, sublessee, or assignee will occupy |
|
9-47 |
with the person selected. |
|
9-48 |
      (l) No person shall aid, abet, incite, compel, or coerce the doing of any act declared by |
|
9-49 |
this section to be an unlawful housing practice, or obstruct or prevent any person from complying |
|
9-50 |
with the provisions of this chapter or any order issued thereunder, or attempt directly or indirectly |
|
9-51 |
to commit any act declared by this section to be an unlawful housing practice. |
|
9-52 |
      (m) No owner, person defined in section 34-37-3(12), person to whom application is |
|
9-53 |
made for a loan or other form of financial assistance for the acquisition, construction, |
|
9-54 |
rehabilitation, repair, or maintenance of any housing accommodation, whether secured or |
|
9-55 |
unsecured, no financial organization governed by the provisions of title 19 or any other credit |
|
9-56 |
granting commercial institution, or respondent under this chapter or any agent of these shall |
|
9-57 |
discriminate in any manner against any individual because he or she has opposed any practice |
|
9-58 |
forbidden by this chapter, or because he or she has made a charge, testified, or assisted in any |
|
9-59 |
manner in any investigation, proceeding, or hearing under this chapter. |
|
9-60 |
      (n) Nothing in this section shall prevent a landlord from proceeding with eviction action |
|
9-61 |
against a tenant who fails to comply with section 34-18-24(7)(n). |
|
9-62 |
     34-37-4.3. Discrimination in granting credit or loans prohibited. -- No financial |
|
9-63 |
organization governed by the provisions of title 19 or any other credit granting commercial |
|
9-64 |
institution may discriminate in the granting or extension of any form of loan or credit, or the |
|
9-65 |
privilege or capacity to obtain any form of loan or credit, on the basis of the applicant's sex, |
|
9-66 |
marital status, government assistance recipient status, race or color, religion or country of |
|
9-67 |
ancestral origin, disability or age or familial status, sexual orientation, or gender identity or |
|
9-68 |
expression, and the form of loan and credit shall not be limited to those concerned with housing |
|
10-1 |
accommodations, and the commission shall prevent any violation hereof in the same manner as it |
|
10-2 |
is to prevent unlawful housing practices under the provisions of this chapter. |
|
10-3 |
     34-37-5.2. Discrimination in brokerage services. -- It shall be unlawful to deny any |
|
10-4 |
person who meets licensing and other non-discriminatory requirements which are also applied to |
|
10-5 |
other applicants and members access to or membership or participation in any real estate listing |
|
10-6 |
service, real estate brokers' organization, or other service, organization, or facility relating to the |
|
10-7 |
business of selling, leasing, or renting a housing accommodation, or to discriminate against him |
|
10-8 |
or her in the terms or conditions of the access, membership, or participation, on account of race, |
|
10-9 |
color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, marital status, government |
|
10-10 |
assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, disability, age, or familial status. |
|
10-11 |
     34-37-5.3. Fostering of segregated housing prohibited. -- It shall be an unlawful |
|
10-12 |
discriminatory housing practice to for profit induce or attempt to induce any person to sell or rent |
|
10-13 |
any dwelling by representations regarding the entry or prospective entry into the neighborhood of |
|
10-14 |
a person or persons of a particular race, color, religion, marital status, government assistance |
|
10-15 |
recipient status, country of ancestral origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, |
|
10-16 |
age, disability, or familial status. |
|
10-17 |
     34-37-5.4. Discrimination in residential real estate related transactions. -- (a) It shall |
|
10-18 |
be unlawful for any person or other entity whose business includes engaging in residential real |
|
10-19 |
estate related transactions to discriminate against any person in making available a transaction, or |
|
10-20 |
in the terms and conditions of the transaction, because of race, color, religion, marital status, |
|
10-21 |
government assistance recipient status, country of ancestral origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender |
|
10-22 |
identity or expression, age, disability, or familial status. |
|
10-23 |
      (b) As used in this section, the term "residential real estate related transaction" means |
|
10-24 |
any of the following: |
|
10-25 |
      (1) The making or purchasing of loans or providing other financial assistance: |
|
10-26 |
      (i) For purchasing, constructing, improving, repairing, or maintaining a dwelling; or |
|
10-27 |
      (ii) Secured by residential real estate. |
|
10-28 |
      (2) The selling, brokering, or appraising of residential real property. |
|
10-29 |
      (c) Nothing in this chapter prohibits a person engaged in the business of furnishing |
|
10-30 |
appraisals of real property to take into consideration factors other than race, color, religion, |
|
10-31 |
marital status, country of ancestral origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, |
|
10-32 |
age, disability, or familial status. |
|
11-33 |
     SECTION 3. This act shall take effect upon passage. |
|
      | |
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LC00460 | |
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EXPLANATION | |
|
BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL | |
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OF | |
|
A N A C T | |
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RELATING TO PROPERTY -- RHODE ISLAND FAIR HOUSING PRACTICES ACT | |
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*** | |
|
12-1 |
     This act would protect persons who are recipients of government assistance against |
|
12-2 |
discrimination under the Rhode Island Fair Housing Practices Act. |
|
12-3 |
     This act would take effect upon passage. |
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      | |
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======= | |
|
LC00460 | |
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