2022 -- S 2705

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LC005457

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     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2022

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A N   A C T

RELATING TO STATE AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT -- JUSTICES OF THE PEACE --

UNIFORM LAW ON NOTARIAL ACTS

     Introduced By: Senators Coyne, Seveney, Miller, Burke, and Archambault

     Date Introduced: March 17, 2022

     Referred To: Senate Judiciary

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Section 42-30-5 of the General Laws in Chapter 42-30 entitled "Justices of

the Peace" is hereby amended to read as follows:

     42-30-5. Application for appointment.

     (a) Application. Any individual desiring to be appointed a justice of the peace shall make

written application to the governor over his or her own signature.

     (b) Qualifications of applicants:

     (1) The person qualified for a justice of the peace commission shall be at least eighteen

(18) years of age and reside legally or conduct business on a regular basis within Rhode Island; and

     (2) The applicant for appointment to the office of justice of the peace can speak, read, and

write the English language and has sufficient knowledge of the powers and duties pertaining to that

office.

     (c) Attorneys and accountants. A member of the Rhode Island bar, and certified public

accountants under § 5-3.1-5, shall, regardless of residence, be appointed a justice of the peace upon

application and presentment of a certified copy of his or her certificate of admission to the bar or

certificate of public accountancy.

     (d) Any person making written application to be appointed a justice of the peace shall, at

the time of application, pay to the secretary of state the sum of eighty dollars ($80.00).

     SECTION 2. Sections 42-30.1-2, 42-30.1-3, 42-30.1-4, 42-30.1-5, 42-30.1-6 and 42-30.1-

12 of the General Laws in Chapter 42-30.1 entitled "Uniform Law on Notarial Acts" are hereby

amended to read as follows:

     42-30.1-2. Definitions.

     (4) "Communication technology" means an electronic device of process that:

     (i) Allows a notary public and a remotely located individual to communicate with each

other simultaneously by sight and sound; and

     (ii) When necessary and consistent with other applicable law, facilitates communication

with a remotely located individual who has a vision, hearing, or speech impairment.

     (4)(5) "Electronic" means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic,

wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities.

     (5)(6) "Electronic signature" means an electronic symbol, sound, or process attached to, or

logically associated with, a record and executed or adopted by an individual with the intent to sign

the record.

     (7) "Foreign state" means a jurisdiction other than the United States, a state, territory, or a

federally recognized Indian tribe.

     (8) "Identity proofing" means a process or service by which a third person provides a notary

public with a means to verify the identity of a remotely located individual by a review of personal

information from public or private data sources.

     (6)(9) "In a representative capacity" means acting as:

     (i) An authorized officer, agent, partner, trustee, or other representative for a person other

than an individual;

     (ii) A public officer, personal representative, guardian, or other representative, in the

capacity stated in a record;

     (iii) An agent or attorney-in-fact for a principal; or

     (iv) An authorized representative of another in any other capacity.

     (7)(10) "Notarial act" means an act, whether performed with respect to a tangible or

electronic record, that a notarial officer may perform under the law of this state. The term includes

taking an acknowledgment, administering an oath or affirmation, taking a verification on oath or

affirmation, witnessing or attesting a signature, certifying or attesting a copy, noting a protest of a

negotiable instrument and transact, do and finish all matters and things relating to protests and

protesting bills of exchange and promissory notes, and all other matters within their office required

by law, take depositions as prescribed by law, and acknowledgments of deeds and other

instruments.

     (8)(11) "Notarial officer" means a notary public or other individual authorized to perform

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a notarial act.

     (9)(12) "Notary public" means an individual commissioned to perform a notarial act by the

commissioning officer.

     (10)(13) "Official stamp" means a physical image affixed to a tangible record or an

electronic image attached to, or logically associated with, an electronic record.

     (14) "Outside the United States" means a location outside the geographic boundaries of the

United States, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and any territory, insular possession,

or other location subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.

     (11)(15) "Person" means an individual, corporation, business trust, statutory trust, estate,

trust, partnership, limited-liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation,

government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or

commercial entity.

     (12)(16) "Record" means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is

stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

     (17) "Remotely located individual" means an individual who is not in the physical presence

of the notary public who performs a notarial act pursuant to § 42-30.1-12.1.

     (13)(18) "Sign" means, with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record:

     (i) To execute or adopt a tangible symbol; or

     (ii) To attach to, or logically associate with, the record an electronic symbol, sound, or

process.

     (14)(19) "Signature" means a tangible symbol or an electronic signature that evidences the

signing of a record.

     (15)(20) "Stamping device" means:

     (i) A physical device capable of affixing an official stamp upon a tangible record; or

     (ii) An electronic device or process capable of attaching to, or logically associating an

official stamp with, an electronic record.

     (16)(21) "State" means a state of the United States of America, the District of Columbia,

Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the

jurisdiction of the United States.

     (17)(22) "Verification on oath or affirmation" means a declaration that a statement in a

record is true, made by an individual under oath or by affirmation before a notarial officer.

     42-30.1-3. Authority to perform notarial act.

     (a) A notarial officer may perform a notarial act authorized by this chapter or by law of this

state other than this chapter.

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     (b) A notarial officer may not perform a notarial act with respect to a record to which the

officer or the officer's spouse, domestic partner, parent, guardian, child or sibling of the principal,

including in-law, step, or half relatives, is a party or in which either of them has a direct beneficial

interest, except where such persons witness a will or other legal document prepared by a notarial

officer who is an attorney licensed by the State of Rhode Island. A notarial act performed in

violation of this subsection is voidable.

     (c) A notarial officer may certify that a tangible copy of an electronic record is an accurate

copy of the electronic record.

     42-30.1-4. Requirements for certain notarial acts.

     (a) A notarial officer who takes an acknowledgment of a record shall determine, from

personal knowledge or satisfactory evidence of the identity of the individual, that the individual

appearing before the officer and making the acknowledgment has the identity claimed and that the

signature on the record is the signature of the individual.

     (b) A notarial officer who takes a verification of a statement on oath or affirmation shall

determine, from personal knowledge or satisfactory evidence of the identity of the individual, that

the individual appearing before the notarial officer and making the verification has the identity

claimed and that the signature on the statement verified is the signature of the individual.

     (c) A notarial officer who witnesses or attests to a signature shall determine, from personal

knowledge or satisfactory evidence of the identity of the individual, that the individual appearing

before the notarial officer and signing the record has the identity claimed.

     (d) A notarial officer who certifies or attests a copy of a record or an item that was copied

shall determine that the copy is a full, true, and accurate transcription or reproduction of the record

or item.

     (e) A notarial officer who makes or notes a protest of a negotiable instrument shall do so

in accordance with the requirements set forth in § 6A-3-505(b).

     42-30.1-5. Personal appearance required.

     If a notarial act relates to a statement made in, or a signature executed upon, a record, the

individual making the statement or executing the signature shall appear personally before the

notarial officer. For purposes of this section, personal appearance means that the principal and the

notary public can communicate simultaneously by sight and sound through an electronic device or

process at the time of the notarization; or that the principal and notary public are physically close

enough to see, hear, and communicate with each other at the time of notarization.

     42-30.1-6. Identification of individual.

     (a) A notarial officer has personal knowledge of the identity of an individual appearing

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before the notarial officer if the individual is personally known to the notarial officer through

dealings sufficient to provide reasonable certainty regarding that the legal individual has the

identity of the individual claimed.

     (b) A notarial officer has satisfactory evidence of the identity of an individual appearing

before the notarial officer if the notarial officer can identify the individual:

     (1) By means of:

     (i) A passport, driver's license, or government-issued, non-driver identification card, that

is current or expired not more than three (3) years before performance of the notarial act; or

     (ii) Another form of government identification issued to an individual that is current or

expired not more than three (3) years before performance of the notarial act, contains the signature

or a photograph of the individual, and is satisfactory to the notarial officer; or

     (2) By a verification on oath or affirmation of a credible witness personally appearing

before the notarial officer and known to the officer or whom the officer can identify on the basis of

a passport, driver's license, or government issued nondriver identification card, which is current or

expired not more than three (3) years before performance of the notarial act.

     (c) A notarial officer may require an individual to provide additional information or

identification credentials necessary to assure the notarial officer of the identity of the individual.

     42-30.1-12. Foreign notarial act.

     (a) In this section, "foreign state" means a government other than the United States of

America or, a state, or federally recognized Indian tribe not including the state of Rhode Island.

     (b) If a notarial act is performed under authority and in the jurisdiction of a foreign state or

constituent unit of the foreign state, or is performed under the authority of a multinational or

international governmental organization, the act has the same effect under the law of this state as if

performed by a notarial officer of this state.

     (c) If the title of office and indication of authority to perform notarial acts in a foreign state

appears in a digest of foreign law or in a list customarily used as a source for that information, the

authority of an officer with that title to perform notarial acts is conclusively established.

     (d) The signature and official stamp of an individual holding an office described in

subsection (c) of this section are prima facie evidence that the signature is genuine and the

individual holds the designated title.

     (e) An apostille in the form prescribed by the Hague Convention of October 5, 1961, and

issued by a foreign state party to the convention conclusively establishes that the signature of the

notarial officer is genuine and that the officer holds the indicated office.

     (e)(f) A consular authentication issued by an individual designated by the United States

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Department of State as a notarizing officer for performing notarial acts overseas and attached to

the record with respect to which the notarial act is performed conclusively establishes that the

signature of the notarial officer is genuine and that the officer holds the indicated office.

     SECTION 3. Chapter 42-30.1 of the General Laws entitled "Uniform Law on Notarial

Acts" is hereby amended by adding thereto the following sections:

     42-30.1-11.1. Notarial act under authority of federally recognized Indian tribe.

     (a) A notarial act performed under the authority and in the jurisdiction of a federally

recognized Indian tribe has the same effect as if performed by a notarial officer of this state, if the

act performed in the jurisdiction of the tribe is performed by:

     (1) A notary public of the tribe;

     (2) A judge, clerk, or deputy clerk of a court of the tribe; or

     (3) Any other individual authorized by the law of the tribe to perform the notarial act.

     (b) The signature and title of an individual performing a notarial act under the authority of

and in the jurisdiction of a federally recognized Indian tribe are prima facie evidence that the

signature is genuine and that the individual holds the designated title.

     (c) The signature and title of a notarial officer described in subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of

this section conclusively establishes the authority of the officer to perform the notarial act.

     42-30.1-12.1. Notarial act performed for remotely located individual.

     (a) A remotely located individual may comply with § 42-30.1-5 by using communication

technology to appear before a notary public.

     (b) A notary public located in this state may perform a notarial act using communication

technology for a remotely located individual if:

     (1) The notary public:

     (i) Has personal knowledge under § 42-30.1-6(a) of the identity of the individual;

     (ii) Has satisfactory evidence of the identity of the remotely located individual by oath or

affirmation from a credible witness appearing before the notary public under § 42-30.1-6(b); or

     (iii) Has obtained satisfactory evidence of the identity of the remotely located individual

by using at least two (2) different types of identity proofing;

     (2) The notary public is reasonably able to confirm that a record before the notary public

is the same record in which the remotely located individual made a statement or on which the

individual executed a signature;

     (3) The notary public, or a person acting on behalf of the notary public, creates an audio-

visual recording of the performance of the notarial act; and

     (4) For a remotely located individual located outside the United States:

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     (i) The record:

     (A) Shall be filed with or relates to a matter before a public official or court, governmental

entity, or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; or

     (B) Involves property located in the territorial jurisdiction of the United States or involves

a transaction substantially connected with the United States; and

     (ii) The act of making the statement or signing the record is not prohibited by the foreign

state in which the remotely located individual is located.

     (c) If a notarial act is performed under this section, the certificate of notarial act required

by § 42-30.1-12.2 and the short-form certificate provided in § 42-30.1-12.2 must indicate that the

notarial act was performed using communication technology.

     (d) A short-form certificate provided in § 42-30.1-12.2(g) for a notarial act subject to this

section is sufficient if it:

     (1) Complies with rules adopted under subsection (g)(1) of this section; or

     (2) Is in the form provided in § 42-30.1-12.2(g) and contains a statement substantially as

follows: "This notarial act involved the use of communication technology."

     (e) A notary public, a guardian, conservator, or agent of a notary public, or a personal

representative of a deceased notary public shall retain the audio-visual recording created under

subsection (b)(3) of this section, or cause the recording to be retained by a repository designated

by or on behalf of the person required to retain the recording. Unless a different period is required

by rule adopted under subsection (g)(4) of this section, the recording must be retained for a period

of at least ten (10) years after the recording is made.

     (f) Before a notary public performs the notary public’s initial notarial act under this section,

the notary public must notify the commissioning agency that the notary public will be performing

notarial acts with respect to remotely located individuals and identify the technologies the notary

public intends to use. If the commissioning agency has established standards under subsection (g)

of this section for approval of communication technology or identity proofing, the communication

technology and identity proofing must conform to the standards.

     (g) The commissioning agency may adopt rules and regulations under this section

regarding performance of a notarial act. The rules may:

     (1) Prescribe the means of performing a notarial act involving a remotely located individual

using communication technology;

     (2) Establish standards for communication technology and identity proofing;

     (3) Establish requirements or procedures to approve providers of communication

technology and the process of identity proofing; and

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     (4) Establish standards and a period for the retention of an audio-visual recording created

under subsection (b)(3) of this section.

     (h) Before adopting, amending, or repealing a rule governing performance of a notarial act

with respect to a remotely located individual, the commissioning agency must consider:

     (1) The most recent standards regarding the performance of a notarial act with respect to a

remotely located individual promulgated by national standard-setting organizations and the

recommendations of the National Association of Secretaries of State;

     (2) Standards, practices, and customs of other jurisdictions that have laws substantially

similar to this section; and

     (3) The views of governmental officials and entities and other interested persons.

     (i) By allowing its communication technology or identity proofing to facilitate a notarial

act for a remotely located individual or by providing storage of the audio-visual recording created

under subsection (b)(3) of this section, the provider of the communication technology, identity

proofing, or storage appoints the commissioning agency as the provider's agent for service of

process in any civil action in this state related to the notarial act.

     42-30.1-12.2. Certificate of notarial act.

     (a) A notarial act shall be evidenced by a certificate. The certificate shall:

     (1) Be executed contemporaneously with the performance of the notarial act;

     (2) Be signed and dated by the notarial officer and, if the notarial officer is a notary public,

be signed in the same manner as on file with the commissioning agency;

     (3) Identify the jurisdiction in which the notarial act is performed;

     (4) Contain the title of office of the notarial officer; and

     (5) If the notarial officer is a notary public, indicate the date of expiration, if any, of the

officer’s commission.

     (b) If a notarial act regarding a tangible record is performed by a notary public, an official

stamp shall be affixed to the certificate. If a notarial act is performed regarding a tangible record

by a notarial officer other than a notary public and the certificate contains the information specified

in subsections (a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4) of this section, an official stamp may be affixed to the

certificate. If a notarial act regarding an electronic record is performed by a notarial officer and the

certificate contains the information specified in subsections (a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4) of this section,

an official stamp may be attached to or logically associated with the certificate.

     (c) A certificate of a notarial act is sufficient if it meets the requirements of subsections (a)

and (b) of this section, and:

     (1) Is in a form otherwise permitted by the laws of this state;

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     (2) Is in a form permitted by the law applicable in the jurisdiction in which the notarial act

was performed; or

     (3) Sets forth the actions of the notarial officer and the actions are sufficient to meet the

requirements of the notarial act as provided in §§ 42-30.1-4, 42-30.1-5, and 42-30.1-6 or any other

applicable laws of this state.

     (d) By executing a certificate of a notarial act, a notarial officer certifies that the notarial

officer has complied with the requirements and made the determinations specified in §§ 42-30.1-3,

42-30.1-4, and 42-30.1-5.

     (e) A notarial officer may not affix the notarial officer’s signature to, or logically associate

it with, a certificate until the notarial act has been performed.

     (f) If a notarial act is performed regarding a tangible record, a certificate must be part of,

or securely attached to, the record. If a notarial act is performed regarding an electronic record, the

certificate must be affixed to, or logically associated with, the electronic record.

     (g) The commissioning agency shall develop short form certificates of notarial acts, if

completed with the information required by subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this section, for the

following purposes:

     (1) An acknowledgment in an individual capacity;

     (2) An acknowledgment in a representative capacity;

     (3) A verification on oath or affirmation;

     (4) Witnessing or attesting a signature;

     (5) Certifying a copy of a record.

     42-30.1-13.1. Stamping Device.

     (a) A notary public is responsible for the security of the notary public's stamping device

and may not allow another individual to use the device to perform a notarial act. On the resignation

from, or the revocation or expiration of, the notary public’s commission, or on the expiration of the

date set forth in the stamping device, if any, the notary public shall disable the stamping device by

destroying, defacing, damaging, erasing, or securing it against use in a manner that renders it

unusable. On the death or adjudication of incompetency of a notary public, the notary public’s

personal representative or guardian or any other person knowingly in possession of the stamping

device shall render it unusable by destroying, defacing, damaging, erasing, or securing it against

use in a manner that renders it unusable.

     (b) If a notary public's stamping device is lost or stolen, the notary public or the notary

public's personal representative or guardian shall notify promptly the commissioning officer or

agency on discovering that the device is lost or stolen.

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     42-30.1-19.1. Rules.

     (a) The commissioning agency may adopt rules and regulations to implement this chapter.

Rules and regulations adopted regarding the performance of notarial acts with respect to electronic

records may not require, or accord greater legal status or effect to, the implementation or application

of a specific technology or technical specification. The rules and regulations may:

     (1) Prescribe the manner of performing notarial acts regarding tangible and electronic

records;

     (2) Include provisions to ensure that any change to or tampering with a record bearing a

certificate of a notarial act is self-evident;

     (3) Include provisions to ensure integrity in the creation, transmittal, storage, or

authentication of electronic records or signatures;

     (4) Prescribe the process of granting, renewing, conditioning, denying, suspending, or

revoking a notary public commission and assuring the trustworthiness of an individual holding a

commission as notary public;

     (5) Include provisions to prevent fraud or mistake in the performance of notarial acts;

     (6) Provide for an evaluation tool for applicants to demonstrate sufficient knowledge of the

powers and duties of a notary commission.

     (b) In adopting, amending, or repealing rules about notarial acts with respect to electronic

records, the commissioning agency shall consider, so far as is consistent with this chapter:

     (1) The most recent standards regarding electronic records promulgated by national bodies,

such as the national association of secretaries of state;

     (2) Standards, practices, and customs of other jurisdictions that substantially enact this

chapter; and

     (3) The views of governmental officials and entities and other interested persons.

     42-30.1-20.1. Fees to perform notarial acts.

     (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a notary public may charge a fee

not to exceed five dollars ($5.00) per document or notarization; travel fees must be equal to or less

than the effective federal mileage rate as issued by the internal revenue service. All fees must be

posted in a conspicuous place in the notary’s place of business or upon request, fees must be

disclosed to any person utilizing the services of the notary.

     (b) In performing a notarial act for a remotely located individual, pursuant to § 42-30.1-

12.1, a notary public may charge a fee, not to exceed twenty-five dollars ($25) per notarial act.

     42-30.1-24.1. Uniformity of application and construction.

     In applying and construing this chapter, consideration must be given to the need to promote

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uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among states that enact it.

     SECTION 4. This act shall take effect upon passage.

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EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO STATE AFFAIRS AND GOVERNMENT -- JUSTICES OF THE PEACE --

UNIFORM LAW ON NOTARIAL ACTS

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     This act would provide amendments to the notary public laws to permit remote

notarization, would recognize notarizations performed under the authority and in the jurisdiction

of a federally recognized Indian tribe, prohibit notary fees in excess of five dollars ($5.00), prohibit

remote online notary fees in excess of twenty-five dollars ($25.00), and requires the disabling of

notary stamping device upon expiration or revocation of a notary commission.

     This act would take effect upon passage.

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