2021 -- S 0937

========

LC002928

========

     STATE OF RHODE ISLAND

IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2021

____________

A N   A C T

RELATING TO LABOR AND LABOR RELATIONS -- WORKERS COMPENSATION --

BENEFITS

     Introduced By: Senators Ciccone, F Lombardi, and McCaffrey

     Date Introduced: May 27, 2021

     Referred To: Senate Labor

     It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:

     SECTION 1. Sections 28-33-17, 28-33-20.1 and 28-33-25.1 of the General Laws in

Chapter 28-33 entitled "Workers' Compensation - Benefits" are hereby amended to read as follows:

     28-33-17. Weekly compensation for total incapacity -- Permanent total disability --

Dependents' allowances.

     (a)(1) For all injuries on or after January 1, 2022, While while the incapacity for work

resulting from the injury is total, the employer shall pay the injured employee a weekly

compensation equal to seventy-five percent (75%) sixty-two percent (62%) of his or her average

weekly spendable base wages, earnings, or salary, as computed pursuant to the provisions of § 28-

33-20. For all injuries on or before December 31, 2021, while the incapacity for work resulting

from the injury is total, the employer shall pay the injured employee a weekly compensation equal

to seventy-five percent (75%) of his or her average weekly spendable base wages, earnings, or

salary, as computed pursuant to the provisions of § 28-33-20. The amount may not exceed more

than sixty percent (60%) of the state average weekly wage of individuals in covered employment

under the provisions of the Rhode Island employment security act as computed and established by

the Rhode Island department of labor and training, annually, on or before May 31 of each year,

under the provisions of § 28-44-6(a). Effective September 1, 1974, the maximum rate for weekly

compensation for total disability shall not exceed sixty-six and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the

state average weekly wage, as computed and established under the provisions of § 28-44-6(a).

Effective September 1, 1975, the maximum rate for weekly compensation for total disability shall

not exceed one hundred percent (100%) of the state average weekly wage, as computed and

established under the provisions of § 28-44-6(a). Effective September 1, 2007, the maximum rate

for weekly compensation for total disability shall not exceed one hundred fifteen percent (115%)

of the state average weekly wage, as computed and established under the provisions of § 28-44-

6(a). Effective October 1, 2016, the maximum rate for weekly compensation for total disability

shall not exceed one hundred twenty percent (120%) of the state average weekly wage as computed

and established under the provisions of § 28-44-6(a), and effective October 1, 2017, the maximum

rate for weekly compensation for total disability shall not exceed one hundred twenty-five percent

(125%) of the state average weekly wage, as computed and established under the provisions of §

28-44-6(a). If the maximum weekly benefit rate is not an exact multiple of one dollar ($1.00), then

the rate shall be raised to the next higher multiple of one dollar ($1.00).

     (2) The average weekly wage computed and established under § 28-44-6(a) is applicable

to injured employees whose injury occurred on or after September 1, 2000, and shall be applicable

for the full period during which compensation is payable.

     (3)(i) "Spendable earnings" means the employee's gross, average weekly wages, earnings,

or salary, including any gratuities reported as income, reduced by an amount determined to reflect

amounts that would be withheld from the wages, earnings, or salary under federal and state income

tax laws, and under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA), 26 U.S.C. § 3101 et seq.,

relating to Social Security and Medicare taxes. In all cases, it is to be assumed that the amount

withheld would be determined on the basis of expected liability of the employee for tax for the

taxable year in which the payments are made without regard to any itemized deductions but taking

into account the maximum number of personal exemptions allowable.

     (ii) Each year, the director shall publish tables of the average weekly wage and seventy-

five percent (75%) of spendable earnings that are to be in effect on May 10. These tables shall be

conclusive for the purposes of converting an average weekly wage into seventy-five percent (75%)

of spendable earnings. In calculating spendable earnings, the director shall have discretion to

exempt funds assigned to third parties by order of the family court pursuant to § 8-10-3 and funds

designated for payment of liens pursuant to § 28-33-27 upon submission of supporting evidence.

     (b)(1) In the following cases, it shall, for the purpose of this section, be that the injury

resulted in permanent total disability:

     (i) The total and irrecoverable loss of sight in both eyes or the reduction to one-tenth

(1/10th) or less of normal vision with glasses;

     (ii) The loss of both feet at or above the ankle;

LC002928 - Page 2 of 9

     (iii) The loss of both hands at or above the wrist;

     (iv) The loss of one hand and one foot;

     (v) An injury to the spine resulting in permanent and complete paralysis of the legs or arms;

and

     (vi) An injury to the skull resulting in incurable imbecility or insanity.

     (2) In all other cases, total disability shall be determined only if, as a result of the injury,

the employee is physically unable to earn any wages in any employment; provided, that in cases

where manifest injustice would otherwise result, total disability shall be determined when an

employee proves, taking into account the employee's age, education, background, abilities, and

training, that he or she is unable, on account of his or her compensable injury, to perform his or her

regular job and is unable to perform any alternative employment. The court may deny total

disability under this subsection without requiring the employer to identify particular alternative

employment.

     (c)(1) Where the employee has persons conclusively presumed to be dependent upon him

or her, or in fact so dependent, the sum of fifteen dollars ($15.00) shall be added to the weekly

compensation payable for total incapacity for each person wholly dependent on the employee,

except that the sum of forty dollars ($40.00) shall be added for those receiving benefits under § 28-

33-12, but in no case shall the aggregate of those amounts exceed eighty percent (80%) of the

average weekly wage of the employee, except that there shall be no limit for those receiving

benefits under § 28-33-12.

     (2) The dependency allowance shall be in addition to the compensation benefits for total

disability otherwise payable under the provisions of this section. The dependency allowance shall

be increased if the number of persons dependent upon the employee increases during the time that

weekly compensation benefits are being received.

     (3) For the purposes of this section, the following persons shall be conclusively presumed

to be wholly dependent for support upon an employee:

     (i) A wife upon a husband with whom she is living at the time of his injury, but only while

she is not working for wages during her spouse's total disability.

     (ii) A husband upon a wife with whom he is living at the time of her injury, but only while

he is not working for wages during his spouse's total disability.

     (iii) Children under the age of eighteen (18) years, or over that age but physically or

mentally incapacitated from earning, if living with the employee, or, if the employee is bound or

ordered by law, decree, or order of court, or by any other lawful requirement, to support the

children, although living apart from them. Provided, that the payment of dependency benefits to a

LC002928 - Page 3 of 9

dependent child over the age of eighteen (18) years shall continue as long as that child is

satisfactorily enrolled as a full-time student in an educational institution or an educational facility

duly accredited or approved by the appropriate state educational authorities at the time of

enrollment. Those payments shall not be continued beyond the age of twenty-three (23) years.

"Children," within the meaning of this paragraph, also includes any children of the injured

employee conceived but not born at the time of the employee's injury, and the compensation

provided for in this section shall be payable on account of any such children from the date of their

birth.

     (d) "Dependents," as provided in this section, does not include the spouse of the injured

employee except as provided in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section. In all other cases

questions of dependency shall be determined in accordance with the facts as the facts may be at the

time of the injury.

     (e) The court, or any of its judges, may, in its or his or her discretion, order the insurer or

self-insurer to make payment of the nine dollars ($9.00) or fifteen dollars ($15.00) for those

receiving benefits under § 28-33-12 directly to the dependent.

     (f)(1) Where any employee's incapacity is total and has extended beyond fifty-two (52)

weeks, regardless of the date of injury, payments made to all totally incapacitated employees shall

be increased as of May 10, 1991, and annually on the tenth of May after that as long as the employee

remains totally incapacitated. The increase shall be by an amount equal to the total percentage

increase in annual Consumer Price Index, United States City Average for Urban Wage Earners and

Clerical Workers, as formulated and computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United

States Department of Labor for the period of March 1 to February 28 each year.

     (2) If the employee is subsequently found to be only partially incapacitated, the weekly

compensation benefit paid to the employee shall be equal to the payment in effect prior to his or

her most recent cost of living adjustment.

     (3) "Index" as used in this section refers to the consumer price index, United States City

Average for Urban Wage Earners, Clerical Workers, as that index is formulated and computed by

the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Department of Labor.

     (4) The May 10, 1991, increase shall be based upon the total percentage increase, if any,

in the annual consumer price index for the period of March 1, 1990, to February 28, 1991.

Thereafter, increases shall be made on May 10 annually, based upon the percentage increase, if

any, in the index for the period March 1 to February 28.

     (5) The computations in this section shall be made by the director of labor and training and

promulgated to insurers and employers making payments required by this section. Increases shall

LC002928 - Page 4 of 9

be paid by insurers and employers without further order of the court. If payment payable under this

section is not paid within fourteen (14) days after the employer or insurer has been notified or it

becomes due, whichever is later, there shall be added to the unpaid payment an amount equal to

twenty percent (20%) of that amount, which shall be paid at the same time as, but in addition to,

the payment.

     (6) This section applies only to payment of weekly indemnity benefits to employees as

described in subdivision (1) of this subsection, and does not apply to specific compensation

payments for loss of use or disfigurement or payment of dependency benefits or any other benefits

payable under the workers' compensation act.

     (7) Notwithstanding any other provision of the general law or public laws to the contrary,

any employee of the state of Rhode Island who is receiving workers' compensation benefits for

total incapacity, as a result of brain injury due to a violent assault, on or before July 19, 2005, shall

be entitled to receive the health insurance benefit he or she was entitled to at the time of the injury

for the duration of the total incapacity or until said employee and his or her spouse are both eligible

for Medicare.

     28-33-20.1. Computation of earnings for recurrence -- Burden of employee to

establish recurrence.

     (a) In the event a person collecting benefits under this chapter, regardless of the date of

injury, has returned to employment for a period of twenty-six (26) weeks or more and suffers a

recurrence of the injury which precipitated the person collecting benefits under this chapter, the

average weekly wage shall be ascertained by dividing the gross wages earned by the injured worker

in employment by the employer in whose service he or she is injured during by applying the same

formula of § 28-33-20 to the thirteen (13) calendar weeks immediately preceding the week in which

he or she suffered the recurrence, by the number of calendar weeks during which, or any portion of

which, the worker was actually employed by that employer. In making this computation, absence

for seven (7) consecutive calendar days, although not in the same calendar week, shall be

considered as absence for a calendar week.

     (b) For all petitions filed to prove recurrence of incapacity to work, regardless of the date

of injury, the employee must document that the incapacity has increased or returned without the

need for the employee to document a comparative change of condition.

     28-33-25.1. Settlement of disputed cases.

     Notwithstanding the provisions of §§ 28-33-25 and 28-33-26, in cases where liability of

the employer for payment of workers' compensation benefits has not been finally established, the

parties may submit a settlement proposal to the workers' compensation court for approval. If, upon

LC002928 - Page 5 of 9

consideration, a judge of the workers' compensation court deems the settlement proposal to be in

the best interest of the parties, including the employee, employer, and the insurance carrier, and

where applicable the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) as their interests may

apply, the judge may approve the settlement. Payment by the employer or insurer shall not be

deemed to be the payment of workers' compensation benefits, but shall be considered a compromise

payment of a disputed claim. The settlement and payment pursuant to it shall not be subject to liens

set forth in § 28-33-27(b) and must be paid within fourteen (14) days of entry of an order to pay or

the date(s) upon which payment(s) is/are due pursuant to a court order, and a penalty of one hundred

dollars ($100) shall be assessed for every day the payment is delinquent. Upon payment, the

employer and insurer shall be entitled to a duly executed release that fully and finally absolves and

discharges the employer and insurer from any and all liability arising out of the claimed injury.

     SECTION 2. Section 28-33-18 of the General Laws in Chapter 28-33 entitled "Workers'

Compensation - Benefits" is hereby amended to read as follows:

     28-33-18. Weekly compensation for partial incapacity.

     (a) For all injures on or after January 1, 2022 While while the incapacity for work resulting

from the injury is partial, the employer shall pay the injured employee a weekly compensation equal

to seventy-five percent (75%) sixty-two (62%) of the difference between his or her spendable

average weekly base wages, earnings, or salary before the injury as computed pursuant to the

provisions of § 28-33-20, and his or her spendable weekly wages, earnings, salary, or earnings

capacity after that, but not more than the maximum weekly compensation rate for total incapacity

as set forth in § 28-33-17. For all injuries on or before December 31, 2021, while the incapacity for

work resulting from the injury is partial, the employer shall pay the injured employee a weekly

compensation equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of the difference between his or her spendable

average weekly base wages, earnings, or salary before the injury, as computed pursuant to the

provisions of § 28-33-20, and his or her spendable weekly wages, earnings, salary, or earnings

capacity after that, but not more than the maximum weekly compensation rate for total incapacity,

as set forth in § 28-33-17. The provisions of this section are subject to the provisions of § 28-33-

18.2.

     (b) For all injuries occurring on or after September 1, 1990, where an employee's condition

has reached maximum medical improvement and the incapacity for work resulting from the injury

is partial, while the incapacity for work resulting from the injury is partial, the employer shall pay

the injured employee a weekly compensation equal to seventy percent (70%) of the weekly

compensation rate as set forth in subsection (a) of this section. The court may, in its discretion, take

into consideration the performance of the employee's duty to actively seek employment in

LC002928 - Page 6 of 9

scheduling the implementation of the reduction. The provisions of this subsection are subject to the

provisions of § 28-33-18.2.

     (c)(1) Earnings capacity determined from degree of functional impairment pursuant to §

28-29-2(3) shall be determined as a percentage of the whole person based on the Sixth (6th) edition

of the American Medical Association Guides to the Value of Permanent Impairment. Earnings

capacity shall be calculated from the percentage of impairment as follows:

     (i) For impairment of five percent (5%) or less, earnings capacity shall be calculated so as

to extinguish one hundred percent (100%) of weekly benefits.

     (ii) For impairment of twenty-five percent (25%) or less, but greater than five percent (5%),

earnings capacity shall be calculated so as to extinguish one hundred percent (100%) less the

percent of impairment of weekly benefits.

     (iii) For impairment of fifty percent (50%) or less, but greater than twenty-five percent

(25%), earnings capacity shall be calculated so as to extinguish one hundred percent (100%) less

one point two five (1.25) times the percent of impairment of weekly benefits.

     (iv) For impairment of sixty-five percent (65%) or less, but greater than fifty percent (50%),

earnings capacity shall be calculated so as to extinguish one hundred percent (100%) less one point

five (1.5) times the percent of impairment of weekly benefits.

     (2) An earnings capacity adjustment under this section shall be applicable only when the

employee's condition has reached maximum medical improvement under § 28-29-2(3)(ii) and

benefits are subject to adjustment pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

     (d) In the event partial compensation is paid, in no case shall the period covered by the

compensation be greater than three hundred and twelve (312) weeks. In the event that compensation

for partial disability is paid under this section for a period of three hundred and twelve (312) weeks,

the employee's right to continuing weekly compensation benefits shall be determined pursuant to

the terms of § 28-33-18.3. At least twenty-six (26) weeks prior to the expiration of the period, the

employer or insurer shall notify the employee and the director of its intention to terminate benefits

at the expiration of three hundred and twelve (312) weeks and advise the employee of the right to

apply for a continuation of benefits under the terms of § 28-33-18.3. In the event that the employer

or insurer fails to notify the employee and the director as prescribed, the employer or insurer shall

continue to pay benefits to the employee for a period equal to twenty-six (26) weeks after the date

the notice is served on the employee and the director.

LC002928 - Page 7 of 9

     SECTION 3. Section 2 of this act shall take effect on January 1, 2022. The remainder of

this act shall take effect upon passage.

========

LC002928

========

LC002928 - Page 8 of 9

EXPLANATION

BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL

OF

A N   A C T

RELATING TO LABOR AND LABOR RELATIONS -- WORKERS COMPENSATION --

BENEFITS

***

     This act would create a new formula for determining a totally and partially disabled injured

worker's weekly benefit entitlement. It also eliminates the current ambiguity in an injured worker's

entitlement, when he or she suffers a recurrence of disability. Finally it creates an enforcement

mechanism for the payment of denial and dismissal settlements, approved by the Workers'

Compensation Court.

     Section 2 of this act would take effect on January 1, 2022. The remainder of this act would

take effect upon passage.

========

LC002928

========

LC002928 - Page 9 of 9